IRJET- Performance Analysis of Induction Motor using different Controller for Speed Control

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1336
Performance analysis of Induction Motor using Different Controller for
Speed Control
Prof. B. Sampathkumar1, Kangale Shubhangi Shital2
Professor at Electrical Department of Fabtech Technical Campus College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
Student at Electrical Department of Fabtech Technical Campus College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The most commonly encounteredelectricmotors
in industry are induction motors. In recent years the control
of high-performance induction motor drives has received
widespread research interests. It has been valued more not
only because it is the most used motor in industries but also
due to their varied modes of operation. It has good self-
starting capability, simple, rugged structure, low cost and
reliability etc. Induction motors have been used in past
mainly in applications requiring a constant speed. It has
attracted the attention because such machine are made and
used in largest numbers and also due to their varied modeof
operation both under steady state and dynamic states.
Induction motor finds its place amongst more than 85% of
industrial motor drives and as well as single phase form in
various domestic usages
Key Words: Speed Control, PI controller, PID controller,
Fuzzy Logic Controller, Combined PI and Fuzzy logic
controller, Combined PID and Fuzzy logic Controller.
I .INTRODUCTION
The speed control of induction motor is more
complicated than that of dc motor, especially when,
comparable accuracy is desired. The mainreasonforthis
can be attributed to the complexity of the mathematical
model of the induction machine, as well asthenon-linear
power converters supplying this motor. It is very
important to control the speed of inductionmotorforthe
application in industries and in engineering.
There are many types of speed control. Speed control
techniques of induction motors can be broadly classified
into two types’ scalar control and vector control. Scalar
method only the magnitudeofvoltageorfrequencyofthe
induction motor.
Induction Motor Modeling
An induction motor (IM) is a type of asynchronous AC
motor where power is supplied to the rotating device by
means of electromagnetic induction. Other commonly used
name is squirrel cage motor due to the factthattherotorbars
with short circuit rings resemble a squirrel cage (hamster
wheel).An electric motor convert’s electrical power to
mechanical power in its rotor. There are several ways to
supply power to the rotor. In a DC motor this power is
supplied to the armature directly from a DC source, while in
an induction motor this power is induced in the rotating
device. An induction motor is sometimes called a rotating
transformerbecausethestator(stationarypart)isessentially
the primary side of the transformer and the rotor (rotating
part) is the secondaryside.Inductionmotorsarewidelyused,
especially poly phase induction motors, whicharefrequently
used in industrial drives. As a general rule, conversion of
electrical power into mechanical power takes place in the
rotating parts of an electrical motor. In dc motor, the
electrical power is conducted directly in armature the
rotating part of the motor through brush or commutates and
hence dc motor called as conduction motor but in case of
induction motor the motor does not receive the electrical
power by conduction but by inductioninexactlysamewayas
the secondary of a 2-windingtransformer receives its power
from the primary. That is why such motor known as
induction motor. In fact, an induction motorcanbetreatedas
a rotating transformer i.e. one in which primary winding is
stationary but the secondary is free to rotate. Of all the AC
motors, the poly phase induction motor is the one which is
extensively used forvarious kindsofindustrialdrives.Three-
phase induction motors are more commonly employed in
adjustable-speed drives than the three-phase synchronous
motors. Three-phase induction motors are of two types,
squirrel-cage induction motors (SCIMs) and slip-ring
(wound-rotor) induction motors (SRIMs). Stator windingsof
both types carry three-phase windings. Rotor of SRIM is
madeof copper or aluminum bars short-circuitedbytwoend
rings. Rotor of SRIM carries three-phase winding connected
to three slip rings on the rotor shaft. When 3-phase supply is
connected to three-phase stator winding, rotating magnetic
field is produced. The speed of this rotating field, called
synchronous speed, is given by
N = 120* F/ P rpm
Where,
F = supply frequency in Hz
N = Speed in rpm
P = number of poles
II .PI Controller
The PI controller (proportional integral controller) is a
feedback controller. It drives the plant which is to be
controlled with a weighted sum of error and the integral of
that value

Fig 1.1 Basic block of PI Controller
PI controller increases the order and the type of the system
by one. It also causes the steady state error to reduce to the
zero, which is not the case for proportional only control in
general. PI controller improves damping and reduces
maximum overshoot. It also decreases the bandwidth and
improves the rise time.
Fig 1.2 Simulation with PI controller
Fig 1.3 Speed response of Induction motor on full load
condition with PI controller
the PI controller is most widely adopted in industrial
application due to its simple structure, easy to design and
low cost. Despite these advantages, the PI controller fails
when the controlled object is highlynonlinearanduncertain.
PI controllers are very often used in industry, especially
when speed of the response is notanissue.Acontrol without
D mode is used when
1. Fast response of the system is not required
2. Large disturbancesandnoisearepresentduringoperation
of the process
3. There is only one energy storage in process (capacitive or
inductive)
4. There are large transport delays in the system.
Therefore, we would like to keep the advantages of the PI
controller
III. PID CONTROLLER
The PID controller (proportional integral derivative
controller) is widely used in industrial control system.APID
controller calculates an “error” value as the difference
between the measured process variable and the desired set
point.
The PID controller calculation involves three separate
constants and is accordingly sometimes called three-term
control i.e. the proportional, theintegral andderivativevalue
which is denoted by P, I and D. A proportional controllermay
not give steady state error performance which is needed in
the system. An integral controller may give steady state
error performance but it slows a system down. So the
addition of a derivative term helps to cure both of these
problems.
Fig 2.1 Basic block of PID Controller
An investigation performed in 1989 in Japan indicated
that more than 90% of the controllers used in process
industries are PID controllers and advanced versions of the
PID controller.
Fig 2.2 Simulation with PID controller
Fig 2.3 Speed response of Induction motor on full load
condition with PID controller
IV. Fuzzy Logic Control System
Fuzzy control is based on the fuzzy logic theory which was
first proposed by Zadeh. Fuzzy controllers are rule-based
controllers that use “if–then” format for the control process.
In this format, several variables could be used either in

condition or conclusion side of the “if–then” rules. As a
result, the mathematical model of the system is not required
in fuzzy control, so it can be applied to
Nonlinear systems.
Fig 3.1 Block diagram of a Fuzzy Logic Controller
Fig 3.2 Simulink Model of Fuzzy Controller
Fuzzy technique have gained in wide acceptance in expert
systems, control units and in wide range of applications
because of fast adaptation, high degree of tolerance, smooth
operation, reduction in theeffectofnon-linearity, easyif-else
logics and inherent approximationadaptability. Afuzzylogic
controller (FLC) has already been proved analytically to be
equivalent to a non-linear PI controller when a non-linear
defuzzification method is used. Also, the result from the
comparisons of conventional and fuzzy logic control
techniques in the form of a FLC and fuzzy compensator
showed fuzzy logic can reduce the effects of non-linearity in
a DC motor and improve the performance of a controller
V. Fuzzy PI Controller
To take over the advantages present in both FL (negligible
overshoot and undershoot) and PI (zero steady-state error)
controllers, a hybridization of FL and PI controllers, called
fuzzy pre-compensated PI (FPPI) controller, is done and is
used as a single controller.
Fig 4.1 Block of Fuzzy PI Controller
Fig 4.2 Simulink Model of Fuzzy PI Controller
Fig 4.3 Speed response with Fuzzy PI controller
Some particular features such as overshoot and undershoot
happening in the speed response, whichareobtainedwithPI
controller can be removed and this controller is muchuseful
to loads where the torque/speed of the motor varies every
moment.
The speed response with this controller has no overshoot
and settles faster in comparison with FL controller. It is also
noted that there is no steady-state error in the speed
response during the operation when hybrid controller is
activated. In addition, no oscillation occurred in the torque
response before it finally settle.
VI. FUZZY PID CONTROLLER
Fig 5.1 Simulation with Fuzzy PID Controller
Fig 5.2 Speed response with Fuzzy PID controller
Instead of all conventional strategies, PID and FUZZY-PID
controllers are very different in Nature and are efficient for

speed controlling of three Phase ac induction motor.ButPID
controller is very Much useful because it uses auto tuning.
Once it is tuned it tracks the output according to the
provided Input. But it suffers from more overshoot and
settling Time. The PID in simulated and real time
implemented forms has greater over shoots besides longer
settling time.
Controller intended to drive the three phase induction
Motor. Fuzzy Controller has offered negligible Settling time
than PID controller and with almost no overshoot. Thework
reveals that that speed controlling of induction motor with
Fuzzy-PID controller issmoothandeasythanPIDcontrolling
method.
Conclusion
For Speed Control of Induction Motor various Controller
have been Studied. The Speed responsefdifferentController
analyzed using MATLAB Simulation.
References
[1]Siti Nur Wahidah Binti Abdul Wahab, (2014), “Motor
control system development using Microcontrollerbasedon
PID controller”, Pp 1-39
[2]. Jakub Talla ; Viet Quoc Leu; Vaclav Smidl ; Zdenek
Peroutka, (2018), “Adaptive Speed Control of Induction
Motor Drive with Inaccurate Model”, IEEE, Issue 99, 2018
severe parameter mismatch Between the real drive and
model used for
Controller design.
[3]. Ashraf Abd El-Raouf; Mahmoud M. Elkholy; M. A.
Elhameed; M. El-Arini, (2018), “Effect of antlion optimized
facts to enhance three phase induction motor dynamic
performance”, IEEE, 2018
[4]. Jean Thomas; Anders Hansson, “Enumerative Nonlinear
model predictive control for linear Induction motor using
load observer”, IEEE, 2014
[5]. I. Miki, Et Al. (1991) “Vector Control of Induction Motor
with Fuzzy PI Controller,” IEEE Conference, IAS Annu.
Meeting, Vol. 1, pp341-346.
[6]. J.Kim, K.C. Kim & E. K. P. Chong (1994), “Fuzzy Pre-
Compensated PID Controllers, IEEE Transactions on Control
System, vol.2, pp406-411.
[7]. S.W. Lee,S.Kim & Y.Park,(1998) ,“Fuzzy Pre-
Compensated PI Controller For A Variable Capacity Heat
Pump”, In proceedings of the IEEE Conference on control
Applications, pp953-957.
[8]. B.Singh &G.Choudhuri, (2002) “FuzzyLogicBasedSpeed
Controllers For Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive”,
IETE Journal of Research, 48, pp441-447.

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