Speed Control of Brushless DC Motor using Different Intelligence Schemes

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 654
Speed Control of Brushless DC Motor Using Different Intelligence
Schemes
Rubi batham1, Rameshwar singh2
1 M.tech Scholar, Electrical Engineering Department, NITM, Gwalior, India
2Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering Department, NITM, Gwalior, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - This dissertation focuses on speed control of
BLDC motor using fuzzy logic technique. Thegoalisdetermine
which control strategy delivers better performance with
respect to BLDC motors speed thesemethodsarecompound on
the basis of output response, less rise time, less setting time
and less over shoot for speed demand of dc motors excellent
result. BLDC motor have many advantages than brushed DC
motors and induction motor such as a better speed - torque
characteristics, high dynamic response, long operating life,
noiseless operation which can be considered the most
dominant electric motor. Finally the performancecomparison
between I-controller, PI-controllerandfuzzylogiccontrolleris
done. The simulations results show that fuzzy logic provide a
good control of speed as compare Other Controller. FLC has
minimum overshoot, minimum transient and steady state
parameters, which shows its more effectiveness and efficiency
of than conventional PID controller.
Key Words: – BLDC motor, Modelling of BLDC motor,
Control schemes, I-controller, PI-controller and fuzzy
logic
1.INTRODUCTION
There are mainly two types of dc motors used in industry.
The first one is the conventional dc motor where the flux is
produced by the current through the field coil of the
stationary pole structure. The second type is the brushless
dc motor where the permanent magnet provides the
necessary air gap flux instead of the wire-wound field poles.
BLDC motor is conventionally defined as a permanent
magnet synchronous motor with a trapezoidal Back EMF
waveform shape. As the name implies, BLDC motors do not
use brushes forcommutation;instead,theyareelectronically
commutated. Recently,high performanceBLDCmotordrives
are widely used for variable speed drive systems of the
industrial applications and electric vehicles. BLDC motors
are rapidly becoming popular in industriessuch asElectrical
appliances, HV AC industry, medical, electric traction,
automotive, aircrafts, military equipment, hard disk drive,
industrial automation equipment and instrumentation
because of their high efficiency, high power factor, silent
operation, compact, reliability and low maintenance [1].
Brushless DC motors drives have gained widespread use in
electrical drives that are rapidly gaining popularity by its
utilization in various industries, such as appliances,
automotive, aerospace, consumer, medical, industrial
automation equipment and instrumentation and industrial
drives partly as result of demand for variable speed drives
because of development of power electronics devices. It
gaining popularity due to their low cost, ruggedness, good
dynamic response and low maintenanceandarewidelyused
in different applications this requires high torque with good
speed response [2-3]. Thus this paper presents a detailed
comparison of BLDC motor with I- controller, PI- controller
and fuzzy logic controller. The results of these were
tabulated and analysed for both the controllers. Finally the
performance comparison betweenI-controller, PIcontroller
and fuzzy logic controller is done.
II. Literature Review of BLDC motor
M. Daniel pradeep ,“a novel methodofspeedandvoltage
control of bldc motor” This paper presents the speed
control of BLDC motor by the 3phase semiconductor bridge
by the signal sensed by rotor position sensor. In the
proposed method the back emf of the motor is stored in the
battery and the speed of motor is sensed and is given the pi
controller which drives the semiconductor thus, by this
proposed method the energy consumption will be less and
generated energy can be stored and reused, and it has high,
long operating life, noiselessoperation,andhighspeed range
[4],
Abhishek jain, “controlling of permanent magnet
brushless dc motor using instrumentation technique”
The paper characterizes the controlling the permanent
magnet brushless dc motor with sensor via instrumentation
technique. A permanent magnet brushless dc motor is
gaining popularity since its uses sensors instead of brushes
and commutators. A brushless dc motor has been used in
this paper since it has high efficiency, reliable and requires
lower maintenance cost. Pwm technique is used for the
controlling of fpga (field programmable gate array) device
that calculates the duty cycle as required. The paper deals
with the analyses of speed control of the brushless dc motor
which can be done using pid controller [5].
Yasser ali almatheel, “ speed control of dc motor using
fuzzy logic controller ”
Dc motor speed is controlled using pid controller and fuzzy
logic controller, Pid controller requires a mathematical
model of the system while fuzzy logic controller base on

experience via rule-based knowledge. Design of fuzzy logic
controller requires many design decisions , for example rule
base and fuzzification. The flc has two input ,one of these
inputs is the speed error and the second is the change in the
speed error. There are 49 fuzzy rules which are designedfor
the fuzzy logic controller. The center of gravity method is
used for the defuzzificztion. Fuzzy logic controller uses
mamdani system which employs fuzzy sets in consequent
part. Pid controller chooses its parameters base on trial and
error method. Pid and flc are investigated with the help of
matlab / simulink package program simulation.Itisfounded
that flc is more difficult in design comparing with pid
controller, but it has an advance to be more suitable to
satisfy non-linear characteristics of dc motor. The results
shows that the fuzzy logic hasminimumtransientandsteady
state parameters , which shows that fic more efficiency and
effectiveness than pid controller [6].
S.thamizmani , “design of fuzzy pid controller for
brushless dc motor This brushless dc motors are widely
used for many industrial applications because of their high
efficiency, high torque and low volume. Thispaperproposed
a improved fuzzy pid controllertocontrol speedof brushless
dc motor. The proposed controller is called proportional–
integral–derivative controller and fuzzy proportional–
integral– derivative controller. This paper provides an
overview of performance conventional pid controller and
fuzzy pid controller. It is difficult to tune the parametersand
get satisfied control characteristics by using normal
conventional pid controller. As the fuzzy has the ability to
satisfied control characteristics and it is easy for computing,
in order to control the bldc motor, a fuzzy pid controller is
designed as the controller of the bldc motor [7].
In 2015 Nikita Tiwari, Prof. RiteshDiwan“Speed Control
of Brushless DC Motor using Fuzzy and Neuro Fuzzy”
In this article the DC drive systems are often used in many
industrial applications such as robotics, actuation and
manipulators. The purpose of this paper is to control the
speed of Brushless DC motor by using Fuzzy logic controller
(FLC) and Neuro-fuzzy controller in MATLAB / SIMULINK
model. The scopes includes the modelling and simulation of
Brushless DC motor, application of fuzzy logic controller to
actual DC motor. This paper is going to present the new
capacity of assessing speed and control of the Brushless DC
motor. By utilizing the Neuro fuzzy controller, the rate can
be tuned until it get like the desired output that a user wants
[8].
In 2015 Maloth Purnalal1, Sunil kumar T K2
“Development Of Mathematical Model And Speed
Control Of Bldc Motor ”
In this article the electronically commutated Brushless DC
motors are enormously used in many industrial applications
which increases the need for design of efficient control
strategy for these noiseless motors. This paper deals with a
closed loop speed control of BLDCmotorandperformanceof
the BLDC motor is simulated. The duty ratio is regulated by
PI controller, which governs the duty cycle of the PWM
pulses applied to the switches of the inverter to run the
motor at steady state speed [9].
III.BLDC MOTOR
The BLDC motor is an AC synchronous motor with
permanent magnets on the rotor (moving part) and
windings on the stator. Permanent magnets create the rotor
flux. The energized stator windings create electromagnet
poles. The rotor is attracted by the energized stator phase,
generating a rotation. . A typical brushless motor has
permanent magnets which rotate around a fixed armature,
eliminating problems associated with connecting current to
the moving armature. An electronic controller replaces the
brush/commentator assembly of the brushed DC motor,
which continually switches the phase to the windings to
keep the motor turning. The controller performs similar
timed power distribution by using a solid-statecircuitrather
than the brush/commentator system.
Fig - 1 Brushless motor
A. Brushless vs. brushed motors Brushed DC motors have
been in commercial use since 1886.Brushless motors,onthe
other hand, did not become commercially viable until 1962.
Brushed DC motors develop a maximum torque when
stationary, linearly decreasing as velocity increases. Some
limitations of brushed motors can be overcomebybrushless
motors; they include higher efficiency and a lower
susceptibility to mechanical wear. Thesebenefitscomeat the
cost of potentially less rugged, more complex, and more
expensive control electronics. A typical brushlessmotorhas
permanent magnets which rotate around a fixed armature,
eliminating problems associated with connecting current to
the moving armature. An electronic controller replaces the
brush/commutator assembly of the brushed DC motor,
which continually switches the phase to the windings to
keep the motor turning. The controller performs similar
timed power distribution by using a solid-statecircuitrather
than the brush/commutator system. Brushless motors offer
several advantages over brushed DC motors,includingmore
torque per weight, more torque per watt (increased
efficiency), increased reliability, reduced noise, longer

lifetime (no brush and commutator erosion), elimination of
ionizing sparks from the commutator, and overall reduction
of electromagnetic interference (EMI). With no windings on
the rotor, they are not subjected to centrifugal forces, and
because the windings are supported bythehousing,they can
be cooled by conduction, requiring no airflow inside the
motor for cooling. This in turn means that the motor's
internals can be entirely enclosed and protectedfromdirt or
other foreign matter [10].
B. Brushless DC motor and model concept
Fig . – 2 Model of Brushless DC motor
The BLDC motor operates in many modes (phases), but the
most common is the 3-phase. The 3- phase has better
efficiency and gives quite low torque. Though, it has some
cost implications, the 3-phase has a very good precision in
control. And this is needful in terms of the stator current
[11].
For the mechanical time constant (with symmetrical
arrangement), equation becomes
Therefore, the equation for the BLDC is
Table 1 BLDC motor [11]
BLDC Motor data Unit Value
1. Nominal voltage V 12.0
2. No load speed Rpm 4370
3. No load current Ma 1.51
4. Nominal speed Rpm 2860
5. Nominal torque (max.
continuous torque)
mNn 59.0
6. Nominal current (max.
continuous current)
A 2.14
7. Stall torque mNn 255
8. Starting current A 10.0
9. Maximum efficiency % 77
Characteristics
10. Terminal resistancephase
to phase
Ω 1.1
11. Terminal inductance
phase to phase
Mh 0.50
12. Torque constant MNn 24.5
13. Speed constant Rpm 35.4
14. Mechanical time constant Ms 16.6
15. Rotor inertia gcm2 82.5
16. Number of phase 3
IV. Fuzzy Technique and Fuzzy Controller Design
Fuzzy logic , introduced in the year 1965 by lotfiA.zadeh,isa
mathematical tool for dealing with uncertainty [12]. Dr.
zadeh states that the principleofcomplexityandimprecision
are correlated, “the closer one looks at a real worldproblem,
the fuzzier becomes its solution”. Fuzzy logic offers soft
computing paradigm the important concept of computing
with words .it provides a technique to deal with imprecision
and information granularity. The fuzzy theory provides a
mechanism for representing linguistic constructs such as
“high”, “low”, “ medium”, “ tall”, “many”. In general, fuzzy
Logic provides an inference structure that enables
appropriate human reasoning capabilities. On the contrary,
the traditional binary set theory describes crisp events, that
is, events that either do or do not occur . it uses probility
theory to explain if an event will occur , measuring the
chance with which a given event is expected to occur. The
theory of fuzzy logic is based upon the notion of relative
graded membership and so are the functions of cognitive
processes [14-15].
Fig – 3 Fuzzy Controller
Designing of fuzzy logic controller
In a fuzzy controller, the set of linguistic rules is the most
essential part. The various linguistic variables to design rule
base for output of the fuzzy logic controller are enlisted in
below table. The below figure 4, figure 5, figure 6, figure 7,
shows the FIS Editor Window, Fuzzy input variables “error”,
Fuzzy input variables “Change error” and Fuzzy output
variable control of Fuzzy Logic Control.

Fig.- 4 FIS editor window in MATLAB
Fig - 5 Fuzzy input variables “error”
Fig- 6 Fuzzy input variables change in error
Fig - 7 Fuzzy output variable control.
Design of rules and rule viewer for speed control BLDC
MOTOR Fuzzy if then rules are show belowinfigure8;inthis
paper 9 standard rules are design for output variable is
show in fig and output response show in figure 9.
Fig- 8 membership function of the output
Fig.-9 surface view of output
V. SIMULATION RESULT
The simulation of the BLDC motor is done by using
MATLAB/SIMULINK technical computing software package.
BLDC MATLAB/SIMULINK model is given in figure 10. Its
speed waveforms are analyzed. I- controller, PI- controller
and fuzzy controller have been employed for speed control
of BLDC motor. Through the simulations of all controllers
Response show in figure 11.

Fig - 10 Simulation model for BLDC Motor
Fig - 11 Step response of system by using proposed all
controllers
Comparative study with all proposed controller
In this case above shown figure 12, it can be seen that the
overshoot has been considerably reduced with fuzzy logic
controller. It shows that the response of the system has
greatly improved on application of fuzzy controller. Table 2
It shows that the response of the system has greatly
improved on fuzzy controller so proposed controller have
proper performance.
Fig - 12 combined output response of all controllers
Table 2 Comparison between the output responses for
controllers
S.N
O
Tuning
controller
Overshoot Settling
Time
Pea
k
time
1 Integral
controller
68.2 0.141 1.68
2 Proportion
al Integral
controller
40.8 0.0719 1.41
3 Fuzzy
controller
0.0522 0.0612 1.00
VI. CONCLUSIONS
BLDC motors have many advantages over brushed DC
motors and induction motors, such as a superior speed
versus torque characteristics, high dynamic response, more
efficiency and reliability, cheaper, longer life, quieter,higher
speed ranges, and reduction of arcing. In addition, the BLDC
motor has higher delivered torque to size ratio.All theabove
advantages make it useful in applications where space and
weight are critical factors, particularly in aerospace
applications. The results for different conditions have been
presented and analyzed for a BLDC motor.
REFERENCES
[1] Harith Mohan1, Remya K P2, GomathyS3,“SpeedControl
of Brushless DC Motor Using Fuzzy Based Controllers ”,
International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IRJET) , Volume: 02 Issue: 04 | July-2015.
.
[2] KanhuCharan Patra , Priyabrata Nayak , Pradeep Kumar,
“Development of FPGA based smart controller for speed
control of BLDC Moto” IPASJ International Journal of
Electrical Engineering (IIJEE) .Volume 3, Issue 8, August
2015.
[3] Traptiyadav, Deeptiyadav, Nidhisingh”Self Tuning PID
Controller Using Fuzzy Inference Mamdani And Sugeno
Method On The AVR System”. International Journal Of
Applied Engineering Research,Volume 8 No.12, 2013.
[4]M. Daniel Pradeep , “A Novel Method Of Speed And
Voltage Control Of Bldc Motor ” IJCSMC, Vol. 4, Issue. 3,
March 2015.
[5] Abhishek Jain, “Controlling Of Permanent Magnet
Brushless Dc Motor Using Instrumentation Technique
” International Journal Of Advance Engineering And
Research Development Volume 2,Issue 1, Ja -2015.

[6] Yasser Ali Almatheel, “Speed Control Of Dc Motor Using
Fuzzy Logic Controller ” 2017 International Conference On
Communication, Control, Computing And Electronics
Engineering ,Khartoum, Sudan.
[7] S.Thamizmani , “ Design Of Fuzzy Pid Controller For
Brushless Dc Motor ” International Journal Of Emerging
Research In Management &Technology Issn: 2278-9359
(Volume-3, Issue-4) April 2014.
[8]Nikita Tiwari, Prof. Riteshdiwan “Speed Control Of
Brushless Dc Motor Using Fuzzy And Neuro Fuzzy” IJEST, In
2015.
[9] Maloth Purnalal1, Sunil Kumar T K2 “Development Of
Mathematical Model And Speed Control Of BLDC Motor ”
Proceedings of International Power Engineering and
Optimization Conference, In 2015.
[10] Miss Pranoti S.Chaudhari, 2, Girish K.Mahajan,
“Implementation of Bldc Motor Based Water Pump for
Automotive Vehicle” The International Journal Of
Engineering And Science (IJES) || Volume || 4 || Issue || 6 ||
Pages || PP.34-41 || June – 2015.
[11] Vinod KR Singh Patel*, A.K.Pandey**, “Modeling and
Performance Analysis of PID Controlled BLDC Motor and
Different Schemes of PWM Controlled BLDC Motor
“International Journal of Scientific and Research
Publications, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2013,
[12] Sudhanshu Mitra*Amit Ojha**, “Performance Analysis
Of Bldc Motor Drive Using Pi And Fuzzy Logic Control
Scheme “International Research Journal Of EngineeringAnd
Technology (IRJET),Volume: 02 Issue: 06 | Sep-2015.
[13]Harith Mohan1, Remya K P2, Gomathy, “Speed Control
Of Brushless DC Motor Using Fuzzy Based Controllers ”
International Research Journal Of Engineering And
Technology Volume: 02 Issue: 04 | July-2015.
[14]Halavadiaakash Natvarlal, Prof. M. J. Modi “Speed
Control Of Brushless DC Motor”IJSRP, 2015.
BIOGRAPHIES
Rubi batham was born on 8 march
February 1988.She did B.E. from
NRIITM Gwalior (India) in 2012.
She is Pursuing M.tech. In
Electrical Egg. (Control system)
from N.I.T.M college Gwalior
(M.P.).Her area of interest control
system, robotic, electrical
machines.
Rameshwar Singh was born on 7th
August 1984. Obtained his M.E
degree in Electrical Engineering
from Madhav Institute of
Technology & Science, Gwalior,
(India) in 2011. He is currently
working as Assistant Professor in
Department of Electrical
Engineering, N.I.T.M Gwalior, and
(India). His areas of interest are
Power System operation&control,
soft computing technique.

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Speed Control of Brushless DC Motor using Different Intelligence Schemes