IRJET- Quality Improvement of Adaptors using Kaizen Technique

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4197
Quality Improvement of Adaptors Using Kaizen Technique
Prof. Dipak Shelar1, Harshavardhan Kulkarni2, Saurabh Khinde3,Tejas Musmade4,Rahul Yadav5
1Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, DIT Pimpri, Pune, India.
2,3,4,5B.E. students, Department of Mechanical Engineering, DIT Pimpri, Pune, India.
------------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract- Quality improvement is a systematic formal
approach to the analysis of practical performance and effort
to improve performance. Understanding and properly
implementing quality improvement is essential practice in
improving efficiency, safety or outcomes. One of the best
suitable methods to achieve quality improvement is Kaizen.
We are going to use kaizen technique and its associated
tools to effectively analyze and overcome the problems in
the die casting industry. Kaizen is nothing but continuous
improvement. This project focuses on quality improvement
of the ‘Adaptors’ which is manufactured in Sigma Electric
Manufacturing Corporation Pvt. Ltd. Hence we are working
on to reduce the rejection, to increase the productivity,
minimum scrap and reduction in rework of ‘Adaptors’ to an
optimum level. However, it is combined efforts on the part of
many people. It requires some time, money and employee
education.
Keywords: Quality Improvement, Kaizen, Pareto chart,
Poka Yoke, 5S, productivity.
1. INTRODUCTION
‘Adaptor’ is the product manufactured in the Sigma
Electric Manufacturing Pvt. Ltd., Chakan. Adaptors are
exported to various electric industries. The basic
manufacturing process used for this production is die
casting followed by gate cutting, fettling, shot blasting or
glass beading, machining and painting.
During the process flow of adaptors, various defects
frequently occur. Most of the times casting porosity offers
a tough challenge during production. Problem of dents is
also significant as it directly affects the aesthetic of the
component. Moreover, during painting, sometimes
problems like paint uncover, excess paint, edge built up
etc. may occur.
To reduce these defects and to improve the overall quality
of adaptors, we are using kaizen technique. Kaizen is the
Japanese word in which ‘Kai’ stands for ‘Change’ and ‘Zen’
stands for ‘Good’. Kaizen is one of the most widely used
methodologies for the industrial quality improvement.
Kaizen is also the parental philosophy of 5S, Poka-Yoke
Kanban, Automation, 7 quality control tools and
elimination of 7 MUDA.
2. SCOPE
Though the kaizen philosophy was developed for large
scale industries, it finds application in other sectors also.
Application of kaizen is in the area of development,
organizing and optimization in production based
workshop and many areas.
3. METHODOLOGY
IV. LITERATURE SURVEY
[1] (Dipak Gauri, Ajay Gajbhiye, Shubham D. Gadekar
2015). This paper is about how to apply the Kaizen

technique for productivity improvement in Bajaj
Industries Limited at Immamwada in Nagpur. This
problem observed during Kaizen implementation are
solved with better working efficiency, better working
environment, continuous work production, Under these
circumstances, the implementation of lean tool Kaizen,
improves the production environment with moderate
investment. This case study carries evidence of the
genuine advantages when applying Kaizen to the
manufacturing shop floor. In this study productivity is an
average measure of the efficiency of production.
[2] (Ms. Shubhangi P. Gurway, Oct. 2016). This paper
explains the basic definitions of kaizen philosophy and a
brief review of kaizen concept with its implementation.
This paper represents Kaizen and its related terms in the
concrete way. The paper also contains the case study about
improving the overall efficiency of the small scale
manufacturing company by implementation of kaizen. The
company was facing the problems of increased lead time
and stock out situations. To overcome all these situations,
all the problems are studied keenly and some small but
effective corrective actions were taken.
[3] (Dinesh B. Shinde, Prashant N. Shende, 2014). This
paper emphasizes on the 5S on the workplace. Paper
contains an overview on the every 5S principle with
respective examples of each. The main areas of study in
this paper are proper utilization of storage space and
arrangement of departments in desired sequence. They
analyzed the material flow in the industry by graphical
format. Thus they identified the product lag time and came
up with their own material flow idea in the industry.
[4] (Jignesh A. Bhoi, Darshak A. Desai, Rohit M. Patel,
2014). They highlighted the importance of kaizen in this
paper. This paper contains detailed discussion on kaizen
and its tools. Each tool is discussed in details with proper
visuals.
5. CASE STUDY
Pareto analysis of defects in Adaptors: Pareto analysis is
a formal technique useful where many possible courses of
action are competing for attention. This technique helps to
identify the top portion of causes that need to be
addressed to resolve the majority of problems. It is
common to refer to pareto as "80/20" rule, under the
assumption that, in all situations, 20% of causes determine
80% of problems.
Conclusion from pareto analysis:
Almost 80% of the defects are arising due to only 2 defects
namely dent & porosity. Maximum rejection can be
overcome by eliminating these defects. So, we concentrate
on these defects first.
5.1. POROSITY
Casting porosity can be mainly caused due to following
parameters: casting pressure, die construction and die
surface. In order to select the most appropriate action
plan, we studied these parameters and concluded that
casting pressure should be increased along with modified
gating system. There were two types of machines available
for the die casting; one which was already being used with
350T capacity and the other one of 420T capacity. Their
respective pressures were 980 bar for former and 1100
bar for the latter one. The earlier total rejection due to
porosity was 20.09% which after replacement of machine,
dropped to 2.65%.
5.2. DENTS AND SCRATCHES
As an aluminum based casting industry, dents offer a great
challenge to the industry. Dents are prone to occur during
handling and during processes. We observed the flow of
adaptors during motion study analysis and found some
sources of occurrence of dents. During the transportation
of batches of adaptors between different work stations,
numbers of castings were carried in a single bin where
adaptors would come in contact with each other and lead
to scratches. We provided special bins for adaptors having
separate compartment for each casting in order to prevent
their mutual contact. We designed an exclusive fettling

fixture for adaptors to simplify the process of fettling. Also,
we designed a cooling tray at machining section so that the
adaptors being cooled should not contact with each other.
Along with this, we observed that the air spray gun had a
metallic nozzle which was sometimes coming in contact
with castings and result in dents on the Adaptors. Hence,
we provided a rubber coating to the nozzle in order to
prevent any scratches even if the nozzle comes in contact
with casting. The earlier rejection rate was 10.39% and
after doing the above mentioned modifications, the
rejection was found to be 2.33%.
5.3. PAINTING DEFECTS
Painting defects include mainly overspray, oil marks,
uncover. Painting defects are very sensitive as it is directly
related to the aesthetics of the product and may lead to
complete rejection. After complete inspection of painting
process, we decided to improve the existing masking as the
majority of defects were caused due to the masking.
Earlier masking used to cover the internal thread was
resulting into paint uncover. We modified the diameter
and chamfer of the masking. Also top face masking already
was in use was Silicon masking. It came with the sticky
glue which was the main reason for oil marks. In addition
to that, the Silicon masking had some cases of paint
overspray. In order to overcome that, we designed the
metal masking of the same size. The results were found
satisfactory. The other advantage of modifying the
masking was the reduction in rework percentage from
94% to 2%.
5.4. EXPANSION STUDY
Curing is the process carried out after painting. During this
process components are held at 210o C for 50 minutes. Due
to this heating, component was undergoing thermal
expansion. This was resulting into over dimensioning of
the Adaptor by around 30 micron (maximum). In order to
cater this thermal expansion, the CNC machine was set to
the lower limit by 20 micron. Hence any expansion
occurring henceforth was under the upper limit specified
by the customer.
5.5. PRODUCTIVIY IMPROVEMENT
Productivity improvement is also an important aspect of
kaizen. We observed each process from the time study
analysis and came to the conclusion that, the glass beading
process was taking relatively more time resulting into
stockpile of castings at that section. Glass beading was
performed in order to provide required surface for paint
adhesion. There was similar process available in the
industry called shot blasting with little inferior quality of
surface. But that much quality was not expected by the
customer. Hence we compared the parameters of both the
machines.
Parameter Glass Beading Shot Blasting
Quality More Less
Cost More Less
Operator
Intervention
Continuous Intermittent
Average Cycle Time 71 seconds 26 seconds
After studying all the parameters of both the machines, we
opted for the replacement of glass beading operation with
shot blasting.
6. RESULTS
After the implementation of all the improvements, the
overall rejection percentage was found to be reduced from
39.27% to 8.67%.
7. CONCLUSION
From above study it is evident that the positive approach
with kaizen is implemented in Sigma Electric Corp. and the
problems observed during kaizen implementation are
solved with better working efficiency, better working
environment and continuous work production. Also from
all the literature reviews, we come to the conclusion that
the kaizen practices can also be effectively used in small
manufacturing industry as a productivity improvement
tool.

8. REFERENCES
[1] Dipak P. Gauri, Ajay N. Gajbhiye, Shubham D. Gadekar,
Application of Lean Kaizen in Productivity Improvement
and Safety Measures in Manufacturing Industry, IJERGS,
issue 2, vol. 3, 2015.
[2] Ms. Shubhangi, P. Gurway, Implementation of Kaizen as
a Productivity Improvement Tool in Small Manufacturing
Company, JIKRME, issue 1, vol. 4, 2016.
[3] Dinesh B. Shinde, Prashant N. Shende, Improvement of
Plant Layout by using 5S Technique and Industrial Case
Study, IJMER, issue 2, vol. 4, 2014.
[4] Jignesh A. Bhoi, Darshak A. Desai, Rohit M. Patel, The
Concept and Methodology of Kaizen, IJEDR, issue 1, vol. 2,
2014.

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