IRJET- Review Paper on Single Bolt Configuration with Different Adhesive
0 likes12 views
This document discusses a review of single bolt configurations with different adhesives. It begins by introducing composite materials like carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) that are used in aircraft structures. Next, it discusses previous studies on bolted and bonded composite joints that investigated factors like joint strength and load sharing. The document then outlines the methodology used, which involves designing models in CATIA and analyzing them in ANSYS under tensile loading. Finally, it discusses fiber reinforced composites and their increasing use in industries like aerospace and automotive to replace aluminum and provide weight savings. In summary, the document reviews research on bolted and bonded composite joints and discusses modeling their behavior under load.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 3 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1987
Review Paper on Single Bolt Configuration with Different Adhesive
Divyam Gupta1, Purushottam Kumar Sahu2
1Research Scholar, BM College of Technology
2HOD Associate Professor, BM College of Technology Indore, MP, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - This research is focused to investigate the stress distributions in composite joints with multiple loads
using finite element analysis.. Parametric study isconductedtoinvestigatetheeffectofstressdistributionandload.
The joint response of various configurations of single lap joints, namely bonded, bonded-bolted joints, is analyzed
by finite element method. When compared with bolted and bonded technology in composite structures, hybrid
joining technology is at an early stage of development, very few journal papershavebeenwrittenonthistopicasof
the time of this writing.
The aim was to investigate the effect of several factors on the joint strength and load sharing in bolted/bonded
hybrid joints. In addition to this, finite element modeling was successfully applied to predict the load sharing and
strength.
Key Words: Epoxy Resin, CATIA, ANSYS, Bolted Joint, Tensile Loading
1. INTRODUCTION:
The most important composite material used in aircraft structures is the carbonfibreinanepoxyresinmatrix,also
referred as carbon/epoxy, graphite epoxy or Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP). The high strength of carbon
fibre improves both the high specific strength (strength/density) and specific modulus (modulus/density), even
stronger than comparable metal alloys, including the fatigue strength [10].Ontheotherhand,becausethereareno
fibers oriented in the through-the-thickness direction, the mechanical performance is poor in that direction.
Absorption of environmental moisture and temperature also affect the composite performance.
However, hybrid bolted/bonded joint technology is currentlyin the earlystages of research and developmentand
will require extensive research to reach the same level of knowledge as compared to bonded and bolted joint
technologies.
1.1 Bolts vs. Screw vs. Stud
Bolts square measure typically outlined as a rib fastener supposed to be mated with a nut, whereas a screw
will have interaction either preformed or successful internal threads. Bolts and screws share variety of head
shapes and drive configurations. Bolts that have a shank configuration preventing rotation can't be thought of
-- or used -- as a screw. Conversely, fasteners with cutting or tapered threads not supposed to mate with a nut,
like self-tapping screws, can't be used as bolts. A stud is Associate in Nursing outwardly rib headless fastener.
One finish typically mates with a broached part and also the different with a customary nut.
1.2 Bolts/Screws Material
Normally steel materials such as stainless steel, titanium, Montel metal find an application for fixing special
purposes, such as. . Medical application. Mounting hardware Screws can be made of many materials, but most
screws are made of carbon steel, alloy steel or stainless steel. The stainless steels include both chromium
alloys based on iron and nickel. Titanium and aluminum screw are mainly used in the aerospace industry.
The following precautions must be observed:
1. The material of the bolt lining is normally the limiting factor for the maximum operating temperature.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v6i3381-190821095128/85/IRJET-Review-Paper-on-Single-Bolt-Configuration-with-Different-Adhesive-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 3 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1988
2. Carbon steel and alloy steel are not satisfactory at temperatures below 65 ° C (they become brittle).
3. Hydrogen embrittlement is a problem with most common coating methods unless special procedures are
used. (This topic is discussed in more detail in the section on corrosion).
(4) The 400 CRES series contains only 12% chromium and, therefore,
2. LITERAURE REVIEW
Although plenty of innovations ar occurring within the field of automotive industries and then happened in
metal connection work too we've got solely targeted on the lap connection processes mistreatment barred
joints and a few of them are conferred during this section. E. Armentani et al. [1] The author will associate
analysis of the Structural Behavior of a one-piece Hybrid Seal (Bonded / Screwed) with External Traction
Load mistreatment the Finite component technique (FEM). C. Faella,et al., [2] have conferred the experimental
results for the most important hinge part, have shown that the slope of the fatigue curve of barred T-bolts is
bigger than beam-column joints that are exposed to cycle fatigue.O. Essersi Et Al. [3] has studied the dynamic
behavior of the composite assemble. In this paper, a study of the behavior depends on the structure of
adhesion-related double overlaps is presented.
S. A. Patil1 et al., [4] had studied the structural adhesive technology used in various applications in the
modern automotive and aerospace industries. RafałGrzejda, [5] had done the modeling and calculations of a
bolted overlap. The analysis of forces acting on the bolts using the theoretical formulas and finite element
method (FEM) is performed. ZasiahTafheem et al., [6] have describes a Finite Element Method (FE) to
simulate the behavior of bent pipe flange steel pipe fittings.
H. Ahmadian et al., [7] have modelled the linear dynamic model for screwed joints and interfaces under
development. It can be integrated with existing commercial codes of the finite elements.
MortezaIranzad et al., [8] have observed that the overlap connections have a significant impact on the
response of structures due to their localized nonlinear stiffness and damping.
Hassan Jalali et al., [9] have studied that the joints and fasteners often have a significant impact on the
dynamic behavior of assembled mechanical structures.
Rafa l Grzejda [10] has presented the modeling of an asymmetric preloaded flange joint with normal external
force. The physical model of the connection is designed as a pair of elements (flexible flange element and rigid
support) which are tightened with simplified screw models.
3. METHODOLOGY: The whole method is distributed within ANSYS and CATIA package with following steps
involved:
START
PART DESIGN IN CATIA
CATIA ASSEMBLY DESIGN (NUT, BOLT and ADHESIVE)
IMPORT PRODUCT IN ANSYS WORKBENCH](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v6i3381-190821095128/85/IRJET-Review-Paper-on-Single-Bolt-Configuration-with-Different-Adhesive-2-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 3 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1989
Figure: 3.1 Flow Chart of Analysis
Geometry: strategies to get the pure mathematics may be divided into 2 broad classes—1) Drawing of the pure
mathematics within the analysis code or in some cases in another code enclosed with the analysis software; or 2)
getting it from a laptop motor-assisted style (CAD) program wherever it absolutely was drawn or mechanically
obtained. In present work we've sculpturesque the pure mathematics in CATIA then foreign it to ANSYS for more
answer.
Engineering Data: Before more process we want to outline the fabric for the model either from ANSYS Material
library or will create our own user outline material.
Meshing: to form the half deformable it's vital to mesh it into little elements. In gift analysis we have a tendency to
use a tetrahedral part kind with mesh size variable for plates, bolt and material.
EstablishingConnections:Theconnectionsbetweenthesexactivitysurfacesareaunitdevelopedforrecuperating
results to the matter.
Analysis settings: grasp the tensile forces at the acute cross sectional faces area unit provided as boundary
conditions for the current analysis.
Solve: Once all the input parameters area unit nominative the ANSYS thinker is named to resolve the matter.
Post Processing: The deformation and stress results area unit obtained once ANSYS thinker solves the matter.
4. FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES:
Fiber-reinforced composites have been used consistently in other areas of technology since the late 1960s. Its use
has been limited mainly to the aerospaceandautomotiveindustries,wheretheuseoflightweightandhighstrength
materials results in significant fuel savings and the potential for increased payload.
The aircraft and automotive parts, traditionally made of aluminum, are being replaced by composite materials.[9]
To assess the applicability of composite materials for the bridge infrastructure in the United States, the Federal
Highway Administration conducted an explorationmissionin Europe (UK, Switzerland, Germany) and Japan,[10]
where composites were already used to reinforce the existing bridges , During this survey, applications were
identified that did not require any changes in the US. It also highlighted areas where further research was needed
before the technology could be implemented in field applications.
MATERIAL ASSIGNMENT
DEFINING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
SOLVE USING ANSYS SOLVER
POST PROCESSING (RESULT VISUALIZATION)
STOP](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v6i3381-190821095128/85/IRJET-Review-Paper-on-Single-Bolt-Configuration-with-Different-Adhesive-3-320.jpg)
IRJET- Review Paper on Single Bolt Configuration with Different Adhesive
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 3 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1987 Review Paper on Single Bolt Configuration with Different Adhesive Divyam Gupta1, Purushottam Kumar Sahu2 1Research Scholar, BM College of Technology 2HOD Associate Professor, BM College of Technology Indore, MP, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - This research is focused to investigate the stress distributions in composite joints with multiple loads using finite element analysis.. Parametric study isconductedtoinvestigatetheeffectofstressdistributionandload. The joint response of various configurations of single lap joints, namely bonded, bonded-bolted joints, is analyzed by finite element method. When compared with bolted and bonded technology in composite structures, hybrid joining technology is at an early stage of development, very few journal papershavebeenwrittenonthistopicasof the time of this writing. The aim was to investigate the effect of several factors on the joint strength and load sharing in bolted/bonded hybrid joints. In addition to this, finite element modeling was successfully applied to predict the load sharing and strength. Key Words: Epoxy Resin, CATIA, ANSYS, Bolted Joint, Tensile Loading 1. INTRODUCTION: The most important composite material used in aircraft structures is the carbonfibreinanepoxyresinmatrix,also referred as carbon/epoxy, graphite epoxy or Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP). The high strength of carbon fibre improves both the high specific strength (strength/density) and specific modulus (modulus/density), even stronger than comparable metal alloys, including the fatigue strength [10].Ontheotherhand,becausethereareno fibers oriented in the through-the-thickness direction, the mechanical performance is poor in that direction. Absorption of environmental moisture and temperature also affect the composite performance. However, hybrid bolted/bonded joint technology is currentlyin the earlystages of research and developmentand will require extensive research to reach the same level of knowledge as compared to bonded and bolted joint technologies. 1.1 Bolts vs. Screw vs. Stud Bolts square measure typically outlined as a rib fastener supposed to be mated with a nut, whereas a screw will have interaction either preformed or successful internal threads. Bolts and screws share variety of head shapes and drive configurations. Bolts that have a shank configuration preventing rotation can't be thought of -- or used -- as a screw. Conversely, fasteners with cutting or tapered threads not supposed to mate with a nut, like self-tapping screws, can't be used as bolts. A stud is Associate in Nursing outwardly rib headless fastener. One finish typically mates with a broached part and also the different with a customary nut. 1.2 Bolts/Screws Material Normally steel materials such as stainless steel, titanium, Montel metal find an application for fixing special purposes, such as. . Medical application. Mounting hardware Screws can be made of many materials, but most screws are made of carbon steel, alloy steel or stainless steel. The stainless steels include both chromium alloys based on iron and nickel. Titanium and aluminum screw are mainly used in the aerospace industry. The following precautions must be observed: 1. The material of the bolt lining is normally the limiting factor for the maximum operating temperature.
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 3 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1988 2. Carbon steel and alloy steel are not satisfactory at temperatures below 65 ° C (they become brittle). 3. Hydrogen embrittlement is a problem with most common coating methods unless special procedures are used. (This topic is discussed in more detail in the section on corrosion). (4) The 400 CRES series contains only 12% chromium and, therefore, 2. LITERAURE REVIEW Although plenty of innovations ar occurring within the field of automotive industries and then happened in metal connection work too we've got solely targeted on the lap connection processes mistreatment barred joints and a few of them are conferred during this section. E. Armentani et al. [1] The author will associate analysis of the Structural Behavior of a one-piece Hybrid Seal (Bonded / Screwed) with External Traction Load mistreatment the Finite component technique (FEM). C. Faella,et al., [2] have conferred the experimental results for the most important hinge part, have shown that the slope of the fatigue curve of barred T-bolts is bigger than beam-column joints that are exposed to cycle fatigue.O. Essersi Et Al. [3] has studied the dynamic behavior of the composite assemble. In this paper, a study of the behavior depends on the structure of adhesion-related double overlaps is presented. S. A. Patil1 et al., [4] had studied the structural adhesive technology used in various applications in the modern automotive and aerospace industries. RafałGrzejda, [5] had done the modeling and calculations of a bolted overlap. The analysis of forces acting on the bolts using the theoretical formulas and finite element method (FEM) is performed. ZasiahTafheem et al., [6] have describes a Finite Element Method (FE) to simulate the behavior of bent pipe flange steel pipe fittings. H. Ahmadian et al., [7] have modelled the linear dynamic model for screwed joints and interfaces under development. It can be integrated with existing commercial codes of the finite elements. MortezaIranzad et al., [8] have observed that the overlap connections have a significant impact on the response of structures due to their localized nonlinear stiffness and damping. Hassan Jalali et al., [9] have studied that the joints and fasteners often have a significant impact on the dynamic behavior of assembled mechanical structures. Rafa l Grzejda [10] has presented the modeling of an asymmetric preloaded flange joint with normal external force. The physical model of the connection is designed as a pair of elements (flexible flange element and rigid support) which are tightened with simplified screw models. 3. METHODOLOGY: The whole method is distributed within ANSYS and CATIA package with following steps involved: START PART DESIGN IN CATIA CATIA ASSEMBLY DESIGN (NUT, BOLT and ADHESIVE) IMPORT PRODUCT IN ANSYS WORKBENCH
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 3 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1989 Figure: 3.1 Flow Chart of Analysis Geometry: strategies to get the pure mathematics may be divided into 2 broad classes—1) Drawing of the pure mathematics within the analysis code or in some cases in another code enclosed with the analysis software; or 2) getting it from a laptop motor-assisted style (CAD) program wherever it absolutely was drawn or mechanically obtained. In present work we've sculpturesque the pure mathematics in CATIA then foreign it to ANSYS for more answer. Engineering Data: Before more process we want to outline the fabric for the model either from ANSYS Material library or will create our own user outline material. Meshing: to form the half deformable it's vital to mesh it into little elements. In gift analysis we have a tendency to use a tetrahedral part kind with mesh size variable for plates, bolt and material. EstablishingConnections:Theconnectionsbetweenthesexactivitysurfacesareaunitdevelopedforrecuperating results to the matter. Analysis settings: grasp the tensile forces at the acute cross sectional faces area unit provided as boundary conditions for the current analysis. Solve: Once all the input parameters area unit nominative the ANSYS thinker is named to resolve the matter. Post Processing: The deformation and stress results area unit obtained once ANSYS thinker solves the matter. 4. FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES: Fiber-reinforced composites have been used consistently in other areas of technology since the late 1960s. Its use has been limited mainly to the aerospaceandautomotiveindustries,wheretheuseoflightweightandhighstrength materials results in significant fuel savings and the potential for increased payload. The aircraft and automotive parts, traditionally made of aluminum, are being replaced by composite materials.[9] To assess the applicability of composite materials for the bridge infrastructure in the United States, the Federal Highway Administration conducted an explorationmissionin Europe (UK, Switzerland, Germany) and Japan,[10] where composites were already used to reinforce the existing bridges , During this survey, applications were identified that did not require any changes in the US. It also highlighted areas where further research was needed before the technology could be implemented in field applications. MATERIAL ASSIGNMENT DEFINING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS SOLVE USING ANSYS SOLVER POST PROCESSING (RESULT VISUALIZATION) STOP
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 3 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1990 In the case of strengthening existing bridges with CFRP composites, additional research must be undertaken, including the development of design guidelines that are in line with US practice. And the development of adequate details to ensure the full participation of the concrete substrate. 5. RESEARCH GAP ANALYSIS Research Gap Analysis Sr. No. Researcher Adherent material Adhesive Material Method of Analysis Type of Stresses FEA Analytical Experimental Tensile Peel Shear Cleavage 1 Ramazan Kahraman Aluminum two-part epoxy (Fusor 309) √ - √ - - √ - -2008 2 Jae-Hyun Park Al alloy 6061-T6 FM73 M epoxy √ - √ √ - - - -2010 3 Xiaocong He Composite s Structural adhesives √ - - - - √ - -2011 4 Xiaocong He Aluminum Alloy acryloid cement √ - √ - - - - -2012 5 Yi Hua (2012) Carbon/ep oxy , titanium FM73 √ - - - √ √ - 6 E.F. Karachalios High Strength steel Structural adhesive √ - √ √ - - - -2013 7 Lijuan Liao Aluminum, steel Structural adhesive √ - √ √ - - - -2013 8 E. Armentani et al. (2018) structural steel √ - √ √ - √ - 9 C. Faella,et al (1998). structural steel √ - √ - - - - 6. CONCLUSIONS: FromearlierstudiesonthebehaviorofbolsteredcomponentsvictimizationCFRPcompositeswereconferred.From this review, it is clear that while the benefits of strengthening flexures are well recognized, there are areas where further research is needed. In particular, most previous studieshavebeenconductedonsmallscalesampleswhere local effects can have a major impact on global response. Composites also provide design flexibility that allows the designer to use the material more effectively. Under fatigue loading reinforced concrete beams reinforced with CFRP laminate perform better than reinforced concrete beams. The fatigue failure of reinforced beams, however, appears to be controlled by the fracture of the
- 5. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 3 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1991 reinforcing bars during fatigue. Further testing is required to confirm the available results and to evaluate the importance of other variables, such as the configuration of composites. REFERENCES 1. Armentani, E., Laiso, M., Caputo, F., & Sepe, R. (2018). Numerical FEM Evaluation for the Structural Behaviour of a Hybrid (bonded/bolted) Single-lap Composite Joint. Procedia Structural Integrity, 8, 137-153. 2. Faella, C., Piluso, V., & Rizzano, G.(1998).Cyclicbehaviourofboltedjointcomponents. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 1(46), 433-434. 3. Essersi, O., Tarfaoui, M., Boyd, S. W., Meraghni, F., & Shenoi, R. A. (2009). Dynamic study of adhesively bonded double lap composite joints. 4. S. A. Patil, C. S. Choudhari (2016). A Review of Strength Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Single Lap Joint International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume:03 Issue: 07, 520-522 5. Grzejda, R. (2017). FE-modelling of a bolted lap connection using a simplified bolt model. Modelowanie Inżynierskie, 31. 6. Zasiah Tafheem and Khan Mahmud Amanat. (2015). Finite element investigation on the behaviour of bolted flanged steel pipe joint subject to bending,journal of Civil Engineering (IEB), 43 (1) 79-91 7. Ahmadian, H., Ebrahimi, M., Mottershead, J. E., & Friswell, M. I. (2002, September). Identificationofbolted-jointinterfacemodels.In ProceedingsofISMA (Vol.4,pp.1741-1747). 8. Iranzad, M., & Ahmadian, H. (2012). Identification of nonlinear bolted lap joint models. Computers & Structures, 96, 1-8. 9. Jalali, H., Ahmadian, H., &Mottershead, J. E.(2007).Identificationofnonlinearboltedlap-joint parameters byforce-statemapping. InternationalJournalofSolidsandStructures, 44(25-26), 8087-8105. 10. Grzejda, R. (2017). Impact of nonlinearity of the contact layer between elements joined in a preloaded bolted flange joint on operational forces in the bolts. Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering, 21(3).