IRJET - Sensor Technology based Fault Detection and Automated Gate System for Bridge

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1699
Sensor Technology based Fault Detection and Automated gate system
for Bridge
Gauravi Shetty1, Madhuri Devi Chodey2
1Assistant Professor, Dept. Of ECE, Navodaya Institute of Technology, Raichur, Karnataka, India
2Assistant Professor, Dept. Of ECE, Navodaya Institute of Technology, Raichur, Karnataka, India
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Abstract - Monitoring the damages in the bridge is an
increasing concern for the benefit of public. The major
challenge is to ensure that the condition of the civil
infrastructure is capable of withstanding the cumulative
weight of all the vehicles that travel on the bridge. In this
framework, the Bluetooth protocol is used for monitoring the
bridge damages that exist and, these damages are identified
by using various types of sensors namely MEMS, temperature
& fog sensor, water level sensor & fire sensor and the gates of
the bridge are closed after certain duration to let the vehicles
currently on the bridge to pass it and go to a safer place.
Bluetooth sensor network is designed and tested for wireless
communication among sensors. GSM technology is used to
send the data to the remote locationinwhichthemaintenance
office is located.
Key Words: MEMS, Temperature & Fog Sensor,Water
level Sensor, GSM, Fire Sensor, Ardino UNO
1. INTRODUCTION
Advancements in sensor technology have brought about the
changes in automated real-time bridge fault detection and
closure system. Current system uses complicated and high
cost wired network amongst sensors in the bridge and high
cost optical cable between the bridge and the management
centre, which increases the overall cost of installation and
maintenance cost of the monitoringsystem.Thecomplicated
wiring also makes the installation and repair/replacement
process difficult and expensive. However, regardless of the
advancements of the sensors and sensor data processing
technologies, there is one thing that has not been changed:
data communication through wires and optical cables. The
advancement in wireless technology has been made use in
this research and sensor devices such as accelerometer and
strain gauge and Bluetooth module, which are combined to
make a single fault detection system.
The technology used in this research is called MBM
(Monitoring Based Maintenance) that enables the bridge
maintenance engineers; monitor the condition of the bridge
in real time. The sensors installed on main cables, hangers,
decks, towers, etc. detect the strain, acceleration,
temperature and wind. The sensory inputs are processed to
represent the condition of the bridge against seismic loads
and wind loads which in turn signal themaintenanceofficers
and also close the gates of the bridge after some time
interval to unload the bridge off the vehicles.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems have shown
great potential to sense the responses of a bridge system,
diagnose the current structural conditions, predict the
expected future performance, provide information for
maintenance,and validate design hypotheses. In [1]wireless
sensor networks (WSNs) that have the benefits of reducing
implementation costs of SHM systems as well as improving
data processing efficiency becomeanattractivealternativeto
traditional tethered sensor systems. This paper introduces
recent technology developments in the field of bridge health
monitoring using WSNs. As a special applicationofWSNs,the
requirements and characteristics of WSNs when used for
bridge health monitoring are firstly briefly discussed. Then,
the state of the art in WSNs-based bridge health monitoring
systems is reviewed including wireless sensor, network
topology, data processing technology, power management,
and time synchronization. Following that, the performance
validations and applications of WSNs in bridge health
monitoring through scale models and field deployment are
presented. Finally, some existing problems and promising
research efforts for promoting applications of WSNs
technology in bridgehealthmonitoringthroughouttheworld
are explored.
Structures, including pipelines, airplane, ships and common
frameworks, for example, spans, structures, dams, among
others, are significant pieces of society's financial and
mechanical achievement. In [2] extensions are one of the
basic cross purposes of a nation's vehicle organize yet they
are costly to assemble and keep up. It is fundamentally basic
to keep interface hurts from normal disasters, for instance,
tropical storm flood, seismic tremor, etc. As requirementsbe,
the thought on water fueled realized framework frustration
has been gotten in view of scour issues. Regardless, in-situ
interface scour watching is as yet one of the unpleasant
works for examiners in their field applications. Guarantee
that the platformcheckingsystemundertypicaldisasterscan
function admirably. By imparting advised signs, the
progressing information can offer planners to choose right
decision and take fitting exercises in time while the
augmentation hurt occurs. This audit associated the
imaginative scour watching techniques which have beenlaid
out and made in the exploration office, and can be presented

and attempted in the field. An innovative remote sensor
framework was moreover used to assemble the platform
watching system with varied sensors. Watchword: ARM1,
GSM2, Sensors3, ZIGBEE4, get together language5 and so
forth.
The existing system presents the development and testingof
a wireless bridge monitoring system designed [3] within the
Laboratory for Intelligent Infrastructure and Transportation
Technologies (LIITT) at Clarkson University. The system
interfaces withlow-cost MEMS accelerometersusingcustom
signal conditioning for amplification and filtering tailored to
the spectrum of typical bridge vibrations, specifically from
ambient excitation. Additionally, a signal conditioning and
high-resolution ADC interface is provided for strain gauge
sensors. To permit compensation for the influence of
temperature, thermistor-based temperature sensing is also
enabled.
3. METHODOLOGY
In this System, the Bluetooth protocol is used formonitoring
the bridge damages that exist in civil infrastructure, these
damages are identified by using three types of sensors
namely Memes, temperature &fogsensor,waterlevel sensor
& fire sensor.. The sensors installed on main cables,hangers,
decks, towers, etc. detect the acceleration, temperature and
Water level. If damage in bridge & any fire accidents or fog
covered on bridge is detected then via IoT communication
the damage detection & condition of the bridge is informed
to the Base Station.
The block diagram of the proposed system is shown below.
Fig-1.Block diagram of proposed system
2.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS.
a) MEMS Accelerometer:
The MMA7260QT low cost capacitive micro machined
accelerometer features signal conditioning,a 1-polelowpass
filter, temperature compensation and g-Select which allows
for the selection among 4 sensitivities.Zero-goffsetfull scale
span and filter cut-off are factory set and require noexternal
devices. Includes a sleep mode that makes it ideal for
handheld battery powered electronics.
b) TEMPERATURE SENSING CIRCUIT:
In this block, two op-amps are used to form two different
stages, the first stage is configured as differential amplifier
and the second stage is configured as gain amplifier. In the
first stage an ‘NPN’ General purpose transistor (SL100) is
used as a temperature sensor and this transistor is having
‘TIN’ metal body so that it can absorb the heat properly. This
transistor is connected in feedback loop (input to output).
This first stage is designed in such a way so that, as the
transistor body temperature rises, according to the
temperature, the base- emitter or base-collector junction
resistance decreases. This first stage is designed to generate
2mv/0C which is not sufficient for the calibration. Hence,
using 2nd stage this voltage is amplified, and the gain of the
2nd stage is 10, so that (2x10) 20mv per degree centigrade
can be obtained at the output of the second stage. This
variable voltage (according to the temperature) from the
output ofsecond stage is fed to the analogtodigitalconverter
for converting the analog information in to the digital
information and this digital information is fed to the
microcontroller for taking the necessary action.
c) Temperature and Humidity Sensor
DHT11 is a part of DHTXX series of Humidity sensors. The
other sensor in this series is DHT22. Both these sensors are
Relative Humidity (RH) Sensor. As a result,theywillmeasure
both the humidity and temperature. Although DHT11
Humidity Sensors are cheap and slow, they are very popular
among hobbyists and beginners.
d) Fire/Flame Sensor Module:
Flame sensor is the most sensitive to ordinary light that is
why its reaction is generally used as flame alarm purposes.
This module can detect flame or wavelength in 760 nm to
1100 nm range of light source. Small plate output interface
can and single chip can be directly connected to the
microcomputer IO port. The sensor and flame should keep a
certain distance to avoid high temperature damage to the
sensor. The shortest test distance is 80 cm, if the flame is
bigger, test it with farther distance. The detection angle is 60
degrees so the flame spectrum is especially sensitive. The
detection angle is 60 degrees so the flame spectrum is
especially sensitive.
e) LCD DISPLAYS:
Liquidcrystaldisplay(LCD)hasmaterialwhichjoinstogether
the properties of both liquid and crystals. They have a

temperature range within which the particles are essentially
as mobile as they might be in a liquid, however are gathered
together in an order form similar to a crystal.
f) Wi-Fi ESP8266:
ESP8266 offers a complete and self-contained Wi-Fi
networking solution,allowing it toeitherhosttheapplication
or to offload all Wi-Fi networking functions from another
application processor.
g) Arduino UNO
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins
(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a
16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack,
an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything
needed to support the microcontroller; simply connectittoa
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC
adapter or battery to get started.
4. RESULTS.
The proposed system was built in the lab and the set up is as
shown below.
4.1 Advantages.
 The installation cost is low because the sensors do
not require wiring.
 Low maintenance cost and time saving.
 No additional supporting structure such as pipeline
for cable is required.
 Sensors are easily replaced when malfunctioning.
 This system makes it possible to measure and
manage bridge performance data such as
displacement, ambient temperature for evaluation
and diagnosis.
5. CONCLUSIONS
This system is intended to recognize the faults around the
bridge utilizing Arduino UNO. The interior harms and tilting
of extension can be distinguished by Flex and MEMSsensors
and nature around the extension can be distinguished by
temperature and moisture sensor, flame sensor. The
progressions of detecting conditions on bridge and bridge
condition will be shown in the LCD and the gates to the
bridge will be closed automatically after a stipulated time.
The Bluetooth convention is utilized to control and screen
the sensors and the distinguisheddata orinformationsentto
the IC (Arduino UNO). If the fault is identified, through IoT
correspondence the fault discovery is sent to the base
station.
REFERENCES
[1] Recent Developments on Wireless Sensor Networks
Technology for Bridge Health Monitoring, Guang-Dong
Zhou, Ting-Hua Yi, DOI:10.1155/2013/947867,
Published 2013
[2] “Bridge Disaster Monitoring & Alert System,” S DAnap,
Gaikwad Mangesh, Thorat Somnath, WakchaureAkshay
DOI:10.17148/IJARCCE.2017.63143. Published 2017
[3] “Develpoment of wireless bridge monitoring system for
condition assessment using hybrid technologies”
Matthew J. Whelan, Michael Fuchs, Michael V. Gangone,
Kerop D. Janoyan published in SPIE Smart Structures
and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health
Monitoring, 2007.
[4] M. Enckell “Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges In
Sweden” in the 3rd International Conference on
Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent
Infrastructure Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.In
2003.
[5] Dr.S.S. RiazAhamed. “The Role of ZigBee Technology In
Future Data Communication System” in Journal of
Theoretical and Applied Information Technology.inJuly
2005
[6] Jerome Peter Lynch, Kincho H. Law, Thomas Kenny and
Ed Carryer “Issues in Wireless Structural Damage
Monitoring Technologies” in Proceedings of the 3rd
World Conference on Structural Control (WCSC), Como,
Italy, April 7-12, 2002.

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