IRJET- Vehicle Detection and Tracking System IoT based: A Review

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1237
Vehicle Detection and Tracking System IoT based: A Review
Mohammed F. Alrifaie1,2, Norharyati Harum1, Mohd Fairuz Iskandar Othman1, Irda Roslan1,
Methaq Abdullah Shyaa1
1Faculty of Information Technology and Communication (FTMK), Universiti Teknikal, Melaka Malaysia
2Department of Information and Communications, Basra University College of science and technology, Iraq
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The vehicle tracking system is technology that is
used by many companies and individuals to track a vehicle by
using many ways like GPS that operates using satellites and
ground-based stations or by using our approach which
depends on the cellular mobile towers. It is a fleet
management solution and a total security, it is used to
determine vehicle's location by using different methods like
GPS which is operating via ground-based stations and
satellites or by using cellular towers to get the latitude and
longitude to represent them on maps. The internet of things
(IoT) may provide satisfactory and goodresultsinour work by
relying on a mixture of software and hardware, which isinthe
overall interest of the project. The aim of using IoT for
tracking and monitoring is due to the great advantages that
provide when working with its components. In this paper, we
propose a vehicle tracking system by using Raspberry Pi
connected to a 3G/4G USB dongle used as a modem.
Key Words: Vehicle tracking, Vehicle detection, Vehicle
monitoring, Raspberry Pi and IoT
1. INTRODUCTION
Vehicle tracking systems are popular among people as a
retrieval device and theft prevention. The main benefit of
vehicle tracking systems is the security purposes by
monitoring the vehicle's location which can be used as a
protection approach for vehicles that are stolen by sending
its position coordinates to the police center as an alert for
the stolen. When a police center receives an alert for stolen
vehicles, they can make an action to prevent this theft.
Nowadays, it is used either as a replacement or addition for
car alarms to protect it from theft or it can be used as a
monitoring system to keep track the vehicle at the real time.
So, many applications can be used for this purpose to block
car's engine or doors as an action to protect the vehicle. Due
to the advancement in technology vehicle tracking systems
that can even identify and detect vehicle'sillegal movements
and then attentive the owner about these movements. This
gives an advantage over the rest applications and other
pieces of technology that can serve for the same purpose.
Nowadays, vehicle tracking is one of the most important
applications. For example, the maps given to vehicle drivers
may play a large role in vehicle tracking andmonitoring.The
major difficulty is that vehicle owners may not be able to
distinguish the vehicle in a place as a result of overlapping
maps, which adversely affects the process of tracking and
monitoring[1]. It requires some types of systems to identify
and detect where objects were at some time or what
distance traveled during a trip to a vehicle. This may be an
additional point and help the police in preventing thefts and
locating the vehicle by relying on reports from these
approved systemsandstudyingandanalyzingthemtodetect
stolen vehicles' locations. This system is a necessary device
for tracking of vehicles any time the owner wants toobserve
or monitor it and today it is really trendy among people
having costly cars, used as theft avoidance and recovery of
the stolen car. The collected datacanbeobservedona digital
maps by using internet and software[2]. There is
tremendous demand for object tracking application for the
business process. The real-time tracking information on
valuable things and assets could solve many problemsinthe
world. GPS is the Global Positioning System which provides
the location, using off-line and on-line both in any
atmospheric conditions. There are several types of GPS
tracking system available in the market[3].
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Vehicle protection systems are the main worry for all
vehicle holders. Owners just like most of researchers are
always looking for upgraded and new vehicle security
systems. Based on the great advancesintechnology, wehave
been able to track vehicles and monitor them closely at the
real time, which helps to increase the protection of vehicles.
This development requires us to be thankful for this
technology, which helps to facilitate the monitoring and
tracking of vehicles for the purpose of protecting them from
theft[4].
Raspberry Pi is a sophisticated low-cost device used for
several purposes that may be scientific ortechnical basedon
its ability to perform large tasks. Thishighefficiencyisbased
on the infinite flexibility in the use of this device for several
purposes, including Internet applications. In addition, its
widespread use is due to the possibility of being
programmed several times as a small computer that can be
used as an accessory in other devices or in vehicles to
perform specific tasks and functions that may be for
surveillance, trackingorprotection purposesingeneral[5].It
can be ancestry that the discussed system design and
construction, and about to be prototype current the basic
level of home appliance control and remote monitoring
interval the wanted goalsandobjectivesofhomeautomation
system have been done. Results have discovered that the
Raspberry Pi is a low-priced and small computer by the
whole of a lot of strength, which enables its utilization, not
simply in home automation work, but also in a different
range of research applications. And in [6]A novel method is

proposed to detect vehicles based only on the color of the
vehicle and does not consider any other features to detect
them thereby reducing the time cost without sacrificing the
accuracy. The proposed system model makes use of
Raspberry Pi interfaced with USB or Pi camera instead of
using powerful workstations, traffic surveillance cameras.
This system is portable. Raspberry pi is accessed by remote
computers, android devices or laptops and makes provision
for view selection. Because of the static IP address assigned
to the Raspberry system it enables them to communicate it
with other remote computers. It has been experienced that
the cost of the proposed system is much less than the
existing systems.
In[7] they proposed bus tacking system using Raspberry
Pi for the primary feature of tracking the bus on Google map
on web app and android app. The bus tracking system will
predict the bus arrival time for students as well as uses
different sensors to give additional informationaboutbusfor
security. And the addition Modules like GSM/GPRS module
can attach to it for web connectivity. The Geolocation
Tracking method is used to identify the location of bus. This
location is sent to the web server where this location is store
in MySQL database and updated to display on map, as it is
shown in Fig. -1
Fig -1: Block diagram(Nalawade & Devrukhkar, 2016)
Pradip V Mistary and R H Chile have proposed a vehicle
tracking system based onGPS.Theproposedsystemconsists
of some hardware equipment like GPS receiver,
microcontroller and GSM modem for sim card, these
equipment are embedded into the tracked vehicle as a
transmitter part to send the required information to the
other side where the tracker is. The receiver part consists of
a graphic user interface (GUI) designed byusingMatlabthen
the received information like latitude and longitude is
represented on the map to get thereal timetrackingbyusing
Google Earth as it is shown in figure2 that clarifies the
diagrams of the transmitter part and the receiver part[9].
Fig -1: The diagram of transmitter and receiver[9]
Salman Almishari, Nor Ababtein, Prajna Dash, and
Kshirasagar Naik have proposed a tracking system based on
GPS as one of IoT applications for tracking systems. The
proposed system ensures an efficient energy for real time
tracking. This system consists of three main parts the
tracking unit, Cloud and android application. The tracking
unit resides inside the vehicle and sends the required
information to the cloud like the temperature and the
current possession of the vehicle by identifying latitude and
longitude of the vehicle then the location is represented on
the map to provide a real time tracking. This system
provides an energy efficient way by reducing the power
consumption around 17% lesser than the normal
systems[10].
Prashant A. Shinde and Mane They have proposed and
implemented a system that will increase the security of
school buses through automatic follow-up and monitoring.
The system is designed to bring the current school buses to
traffic while using the Raspberry Pi, Linux-based, GPS
receiver, GSM and GPRS. The site is periodically retrieved
and compared with the coordinates of the known name and
inventory in the database, each time the same process is
repeated until the bus arrives at school or a wrong path is
detected. In this case, the system expects that something is
wrong so send the GSM message to the owners for the
purpose of alerting and warning about the behavior of the
wrong path[11].
Le-Tien, T. and Vu Phungdescribeda systembasedonthe
global mobile communications system (GSM) and global
positioning system GPS. The system is designed to track and
control vehicles in open environments and outdoor areas as
a practical model for monitoring and tracking applications.
The system consists of accelerator sensor-KXSC72050 of
Koinix to get a moving direction of the vehicle and a sensor
compass YAS529 from Yamaha. The system will receive the
vehicle's location through the data received from the GPS
which is received through the GPS receiver. This data will be

sent directly to the main center by using theservicesofshort
Message Services (SMS) or General Package Radio Service
(GPRS). The main center contains advanced equipment and
auxiliary tools that support GSM techniques-WMP100ofthe
Wavecom. Lastly, the located position of the vehicle will be
represented on Google maps [12].
[13] proposed an mtracker which is a Mobile application for
the purpose of tracking the mobile cellular devices
depending on the geographical location of the device. This
allows the program user to track the cell phone and send
alerts and warnings outside the geographical coverage area.
[14], They have proposed and implemented a mobile
program for the purpose of tracking and analyzing the
spatial data and information of a particular object or object
based on navigation software and GPS. For the purpose of
implementing this application in an ideal manner, satellite
images taken by satellite were gathered, stored and used to
do the required function.
Table -1: The critical review of current problem and
justification
Paper Purpose Description Problem
Syste
m[10]
SVS is a smart
vehicle system to
get some
information about
the vehicle such as
temperature,
movement speed
and the current
location.
Consists of three main
parts to do the
functionoftheproject,
these parts are
tracking unit, Cloud
and android
application.
Advantages:
Reduce power
consumption and
efficient tracking
approach.
For the power
supply they have
used batteries. The
battery life is a
limited. So, that
means many time
of battery changing
that leads to
additional cost.
[6] They proposed a
novel idea to
detect, track and
count the vehicles
on a road by using
Raspberry Pi3,and
they connect the
Raspberry Pi via
internet by using
Ethernet cable to
send the
information
Real time vehicle
detection, tracking
and counting of
vehicles is of great
interest for
researchers and is a
need of the society in
general for
comfortable, smooth
and safe movements
of vehicles in cities.
Do Raspberry Pi
can connect every
time with Ethernet
cableespeciallythis
device used on the
road and exposed
to many weather
conditions and if
we lose the
Ethernet
connectionhowcan
send information
[11] Vehicle tracking
and monitoring
system has been
proposed and
implemented for
the purpose of
securing it further.
The location of the
school cars is
tracked between
two different
locations, A and B
The proposed system
is based on the
advantages of the
Raspberry Pi, which
supports the latest
technology as an
extensionontheLinux
system. By using this
system, information
and data are stored
and used for tracking
and monitoring
The problem and
challenge in this
proposed system is
that the system
can't distinguish
whether the path is
actually wrongoris
just to avoid a
trafficproblem.The
system will send
GSM messages
directly if a
for the purpose of
providing a safe
environment for
transportation.
purposes at the real
time.
mismatch is
detected between
the current
coordinates and
those stored in the
database
[9] Vehicle tracking
system based on
GPS, GSM and
microcontroller
with the aim of
enabling users of
the system to get
the current
possession and
locate the vehicle.
A prototype to track
the actual location of
the vehicle.
Advantages:
Low cost navigational
and possession
system.
The cost of sending
GSM message that
may be several
times for many
locations that
would be costly.
(Sivar
aman
&
Trived
i
2013)
Vehicle Detection,
Localization &
Tracking
Advantages:
Adequate accuracyfor
vehicle detection
Disadvantages:
This technology is
suitable and suitable
for working with slow
cars because it works
on a video system 11
fps. Thus, it is difficult
for the system to
detect the rapid
vehicles, which leads
to the neglect and
work only partially
and not
comprehensive.
Lane movement
based vehicle
tracking for driver
assistance.
[13]
Proposed a
mtracker which is
a Mobile
application for the
purposeoftracking
the mobile cellular
devices depending
on the
geographical
location of the
device.
It allows the program
user to track the cell
phone and send alerts
and warnings outside
the geographical
coverage area.
The gap of time
that occurs as a
result of tracking
and monitoring
buses.
3. DISCUSSION
This subsection is to discuss the test of some previous
studies and how we can improve it. The scenario of testing
mtracker that was designed byVarandas,asitisshowninFig.
-3a it displays information related with GPS such as number
of satellites, longitude and latitude in the mTracker main
window. Moreover it also shows the real GSM cell ID. Fig. -3b
shows the personal digital assistant (PDA) receiving a SMS
that warns the user of the device location. In the presented
state, the SMS includes the present GPS coordinates and the
present GSM Cell. If the device is within the security radius,
no alerts are triggered by the application[13]. From the
explored researches and the browsed cases we elicit some
main issues can be solved in our proposed system.

The proposed SVS is efficiently identifying the required
information like the vehicle's temperature, possession and
speed then stores these informationanduploaditoncloudto
represent the location on the map as a real time tracking
system. The interfaces for this system have designed as an
androidapplication programmedbyusingJavaandeclipseas
it is shown in Fig. -4.
Chart -1: Name of the chart
IRJET sample template format ,Define abbreviations and
acronyms the first time they are used in the text, even after
they have been defined in the abstract. Abbreviationssuchas
IEEE, SI, MKS, CGS, sc, dc, and rms do not have to be defined.
Do not use abbreviations in the title or heads unless they are
unavoidable.
(a) Main window (b) SMS warning received.
Fig -3: mTracker [13]
Fig -4: Average Power Consumption between Normal and
Proposed Power Saving Mode for Tracking Unit[10]
This system provides the power consumption by
eliminating two stages from the whole processing flow; they
have eliminated the storage and comparing stages that
ensures a 17% power saving more than the traditional
systems. The main challenge at the previous projectswasthe
source of the internet because they were using an Ethernet
cable to be connected to the device which is not suitable
because of the vehicle'smovement,forthatwesuggestedLTE
USB dongle to be used for this purpose. It can broadcast
internet without using wires which is helpful for our case.
Another problem wecan improve it with ourprojectwhichis
the delay of getting location, the proposed system is a real
timebased system by applying our approachmanytimesasa
loop function to get the real possession of the vehicle; the
delay will be reduced because of the strong signal from the
cellular tower.
3. CONCLUSION
The vehicle tracking system is technology that is used by
many companies and individuals to track a vehicle by using
many ways like GPS that operates using satellites and
ground based stations or by using other approaches which
depends on the cellular mobile towers. The vehicle unit,
which is the hardware component that is attached to the
vehicle, is configured to receive signals from the cellular
mobile tower and send it to the web server to represent the
location on the map by using Google maps in real time. It is
very important to consider some hardware specifications in
order to get satisfying results. ThusRaspberryPicanbeused
as an embedded computer attached to the tracked vehicle
especially when using cellular method.
REFERENCES
[1] M. Abinaya and R. Uthira Devi, “Intelligent Vehicle
Control Using Wireless Embedded System in
Transportation System Based On GSM and GPS
Technology,” Int. J. Comput. Sci. Mob. Comput., vol. 3, no.
9, pp. 244–258, 2014.
[2] N. Panchal, “GPS Based Vehicle Tracking System and
Using Analytics to Improve The Performance . Track
Anything andUsingAnalyticstoImprovePerformance,”
AHMEDABAD University, 2016.
[3] M. Flynn, “OpenGTS-Open GPS Tracking System,”
OpenGTS, 2017. [Online]. Available:
http://www.opengts.org.
[4] S. Ahmed, S. Rahman, and S. E. Costa, “Real- Time
Vehicle Tracking System,” BRAC University By Saniah,
2015.
[5] V. Vujović and M. Maksimović, “Raspberry Pi as a
Sensor Web nodeforhomeautomation,”Comput. Electr.
Eng., vol. 44, pp. 153–171, 2015.
[6] M. Anandhalli and V. P. Baligar, “A novel approach in
real-time vehicle detection and tracking using
Raspberry Pi,” Alexandria Eng. J., 2017.
[7] S. R. Nalawade and S. Devrukhkar, “Bus Tracking by
Computing Cell Tower InformationonRaspberryPi,”in

2016 InternationalConferenceonGlobal TrendsinSignal
Processing, Information Computing and Communication
(ICGTSPICC), 2016, pp. 87–90.
[8] S. R. Prof. Nalawade and A. S. Devrukhkar, “Bus
Tracking by Computing Cell Tower Information on
Raspberry Pi,” in International Conference on Global
Trends in Signal Processing, InformationComputingand
Communication, 2016, pp. 87–90.
[9] P. V. Mistary and R. H. Chile, “Real time Vehicle tracking
system based on ARM7 GPS and GSM technology,” in
12th IEEE International Conference Electronics, Energy,
Environment, Communication, Computer, Control: (E3-
C3), INDICON 2015, 2015, pp. 1–6.
[10] S. Almishari, N. Ababtein, P. Dash, and K. Naik, “An
Energy Efficient Real-time Vehicle Tracking System,”in
2017 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications,
Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM), 2017.
[11] P. A. Shinde and Y. B. Mane, “Advanced vehicle
monitoring and tracking system based on Raspberry
Pi,” in Proceedings of 2015 IEEE 9th International
Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control, ISCO
2015, 2015.
[12] T. Le-Tien and V. Phung-The, “Routing and Tracking
System for Mobile Vehicles in Large Area," Electronic
Design, Test and Application,” DELTA ’10. FifthIEEEInt.
Symp., pp. 297–300, 2010.
[13] L. C. M. Varandas, B. Vaidya, and J. J. P. C. Rodrigues,
“mTracker : A Mobile Tracking Application for
Pervasive Environment,” in 24th International
Conference on Advanced Information Networking and
Applications Workshops, 2010, pp. 962–967.
[14] D. Donko and A. Alispahic, “Implementation of tracking
mobile application and analysis of spatial data,” IEEE,
2012.
[15] S. Sivaraman and M. M. Trivedi, “Integrated lane and
vehicle detection, localization, and tracking: A
synergistic approach,” IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst.,
vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 906–917, 2013.

IRJET- Vehicle Detection and Tracking System IoT based: A Review

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to IRJET- Vehicle Detection and Tracking System IoT based: A Review (20)

More from IRJET Journal (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

IRJET- Vehicle Detection and Tracking System IoT based: A Review