IRJET- Wireless Healthcare Monitoring using Android Phones

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3185
WIRELESS HEALTHCARE MONITORING USING ANDROID PHONES
N.Kapilar1, M.Mathan kumar2, S.R.Shenbaga pandian3, P.Ranjith kumar4
1,2,3,4 Electrical and electronics engineering, kamaraj college of engineering and technology, virudhunagar, India
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Abstract— To determine the heart rate of the human with
the help of an android phone using Bluetooth module and to
take reading of electrical resistance between the acupunture
points p6 to p3. Thispaper describes a technique for
measuring the heart rate throughfingertip and Arduino. It is
based on the principle of photophelthysmography(PPG)which
is non-invasive method of measuring the variation in blood
volume in tissue using a light source and detector. While the
heart is beating, it is actually pumping blood throughout the
body, and that makes the blood volume inside thefingerartery
to change too. This fluctuation of blood can be detected
through an optical sensing mechanism placed around the
fingertip. The signal can be amplified and is sent to arduino
with the help of serial port communication. With the help of
processing software, heart rate monitoring and counting is
performed. The sensor unit consists of an infrared light-
emitting-diode (IR LED) and a photo diode. The IR LED
transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, a partofwhichis
reflected back from the blood inside the finger arteries. The
photo diode senses the portion of the light that is reflected
back. The intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood
volume inside the fingertip. So, every time the heart beats the
amount of reflected infrared light changes, which can be
detected by the photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, this
little alteration in the amplitude of the reflected light can be
converted into a pulse
Keywords: photophelthysmography, acupuncture,
resistance.
Introduction:
Nowadays, people suffering from heart diseases are
increasing day by day. So here a need arises to design a
compatible system that would giveusthe accurateandquick
heart rate readings. The readings are transmitted to the
connected smart phone via Bluetooth i.e. through a wireless
media. Conventional heart rate measuring devices were
employed with the chest straps to be attached with the
patients’ body. Such devices require a user to press a key
when to check the heart rate. Thusit is desirabletoprovidea
reliable wireless heart rate monitor. In the proposedsystem,
there is no need to pressany key nor attach any chest straps,
user just has to place his finger on the sensor or wear the
sensor on the ear lobe. The sensor simply senses the pulses
and displays on the android phone and also on the PC
connected simultaneously sending thedatatotheconfigured
smart phone via Bluetooth and also with some other
wireless medium of transmission.
This invention relatesto a heart rate measurementdevice
comprising a sensor unit that detects a user’s heart rate , a
signal processing unit that receivesand processesthe signal
generated from the sensor and a wirelesssignaltransmitting
unit that takes the signal from the processing unit and the
transmit the signal out to the configured device. The sensor
unit detects the frequency of change of blood density to
derive the heart rate, with precision and efficiency of
detection of heart rate, cooperating the techniqueofwireless
transmission, and thusour purposeofpromotingaccuracyof
detection and improving convenience of using is achieved.
The model encompassesofArduinoboard,Bluetoothmodem
, Pulse Sensor etc for signal conditioning of pulse input from
patients body and displayed on android phone. The data
even sent to the computer via serial communication and we
can view the graphical form of the pulses on the monitor.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
[1] Development of reflective ppg signal sensor:
Published in: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
(EMBC), 2017 39th Annual International Conference of the
IEEE,Date of Conference: 11-15 July 2017,Date Added to
IEEE Xplore: 14 September 2017,Conference Location:
Seogwipo, South Korea.
Quantifying mental alertness in today's world is important
as it enables the person to adopt lifestyle changes for better
work efficiency. Miniaturized sensors in wearable devices
have facilitated detection/monitoring of mental alertness.
Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors through Heart Rate
Variability (HRV) offer one such opportunity by providing
information about one's daily alertness levels without
requiring any manual interference from the user. In this
paper, a smart watch based alertness estimation system is
proposed. Data collected from PPG sensor of smartwatch is
processed and fed to machine learning based model to get a
continuous alertness score. Utility functions are designed
based on statistical analysis to give a quality score on
different stages of alertness such as awake, long sleep and
short duration power nap. An intelligent data collection
approach is proposed in collaboration with the motion
sensor in the smart watch to reduce battery drainage.
Overall, our proposed wearable based system provides a
detailed analysis of alertness over a period in a systematic
and optimized manner. We were able to achieve an accuracy
of 80.1%for sleep/awake classification along with alertness
score. This opens up the possibility for quantifying alertness
levels using a single PPG sensor for better management of
health related activities including sleep.
[2]Using Heart Rate Monitors to Detect Mental Stress:
Published in: Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor
Networks, 2009. BSN 2009. Sixth InternationalWorkshopon
Date of Conference: 3-5 June 2009,Date Added to IEEE
Xplore: 28 August 2009,Conference Location: Berkeley, CA,

USA.This article describes an approach to detecting mental
stress using unobtrusive wearable sensors. The approach
relies on estimating the state of the autonomic nervous
system from an analysis of heart rate variability. Namely,we
use a non-linear system identification technique known as
principal dynamic modes (PDM) to predict the activation
level of the two autonomic branches: sympathetic(i.e.stress-
inducing) and parasympathetic (i.e. relaxation-related). We
validate the method on a discrimination problem with two
psychophysiological conditions, one associated with mental
tasks and one induced by relaxation exercises. Our results
indicate that PDM features are more stable and less subject-
dependent than spectral features, though the latter provide
higher classification performance within subjects. When
PDM and spectral features are combined, our system
discriminates stressful events with a success rate of 83%
within subjects (69% between subjects).
ACUPUNTURE & ITS MERITS:
Electro-acupunture is a mixture of acupuncture and
electrical stimulation, which has been widely used for its
effectiveness in pain relief since 1970s,later for treatmentof
various disease such as depression, addiction,
gastrointestinal disordersandnon-medicalapplicationssuch
as obesity treatment for stimulation, most EA systems use a
pair of needles with long, thick wiresattached to an external
power supply to form a closed current loop. The thin needle
may suffer from the unstable connection to the thick wire
and if there are many needles, it is difficult to supply power
to all needles. Recently, a wirelessly-poweredEAsystemwas
proposed to remove the wire connections for treatment,but
its wireless power harvesting produce only 8 micro watts
which is not enough for various applications .Most EA
systems use bi-phase stimulation to reduce tissue damage
and electrolytic degradation. Acupunture points used for
stimulation. Generally two points are used for stimulation
such as p6 and p3.
Fig.[1]shows the reading of heart rate.
Serial
no
persons Electrical resistivity between p6 to
p3
Before pressure
applied (ohms)
After pressure
applied (ohms)
1 Person 1 420 560
2 Person 2 345 430
3 Person 3 356 473
4 Person 4 405 470
5 Person 5 467 535
6 Person 6 367 410
7 Person 7 345 468
8 Person 8 398 456
9 Person 9 420 498
10 Person 10 387 447
Table 1:Determination of electrical resistivity for 10
persons.
Table 1: Determination of electrical resistivity for 10
persons.
The above table,shows values of the persons resisitivity of
acupuncture points between p6 to p3. This table iwastaken
as a proof to varing the resistivity creates some medical
problem in ours body.
Fig.[2]shows the acupuncture points on the hand

Methodology:
Using the above instrument we have measuredtheheartrate
of persons. Ten normal persons are taken into consideration
& they are instructed to sit in a relaxed manner. Here the
stimulation is given to stimulate the person. The needle
must be inserted on the surface of the skin for 10 minutes.
Before the process of stimulation ,corresponding heart rate
values are noted. The same values are noted after appling
pressure. In the above table, it is noted that the resisitive
values are varied after appling the pressure.
Conclusion:
The determination of the heart rate needs to be given
highest importance in daily life. Even though we go for
various treatments & analysis, acupuncture is considered as
one of the vital treatment which hasno side effects. Here the
above instrument is the mass screening tool. On proofofthe
proposed method with heart rate study is analysed.Finallyit
wasobserved that the persons heart rate have beenchanged
after applying the pressure. In future the same work can be
proceeded with more people. This paper will be help to
future research purpose.
References:
[1] Development of reflective ppg signal sensor:
Published in: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
(EMBC), 2017 39th Annual International Conference of the
IEEE,Date of Conference: 11-15 July 2017,Date Added to
IEEE Xplore: 14 September 2017,Conference Location:
Seogwipo, South Korea.
[2]Using Heart Rate Monitors to Detect Mental Stress:
Published in: Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor
Networks, 2009. BSN 2009. Sixth InternationalWorkshopon
Date of Conference: 3-5 June 2009,Date Added to IEEE
Xplore: 28 August 2009,Conference Location: Berkeley, CA,
USA

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