ISBG The 3 S's a guide to single sign on
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This document provides an overview of single sign-on technologies including Single Sign-On (SSO), Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML), Simple and Protected GSSAPI Negotiation Mechanism (SPNEGO), and OAuth. It defines each technology, provides examples of how they work, and discusses their requirements, limitations, and use cases. The presenter emphasizes choosing solutions based on specific business needs and priorities, as technologies range from relatively easy to implement like single password or SPNEGO, to more complex such as SAML or OAuth.
ISBG The 3 S's a guide to single sign on
- 1. THETHREE S’ - SINGLE SIGN-ON, SPNEGO & SAML Gabriella Davis gabriella@turtlepartnership.com The Turtle Partnership
- 2. WHO AM I? Gab Davis Administrator, Problem Solver, Stubborn Fixer of Things Working with IBM technologies and all the things surrounding and integrating with those Based in London, about half the time
- 3. WHAT ISTHIS PRESENTATION ABOUT? We are here to talk about concepts Once you understand the concepts, their requirements, limitations and benefits you can make decisions about what you need Hopefully we will give you a good overview of a bunch of confusing acronyms
- 4. I DO NOTTHINKTHAT MEANS WHATYOUTHINK IT MEANS…
- 5. PASSWORD SYNCHRONISATION You may have the same password but you’re not the same person
- 6. SINGLE SIGN ON ! HELLO, HAVE YOU MET MY FRIEND? I can vouch for him completely ! Is trust transferable?
- 7. ONE PASSWORD, ONE LOCATION
- 8. Authenticating against a single password in a single place Sametime Network Login Connections Mail Mail LDAP Password
- 9. Synchronising passwords across different systems Sametime LDAP Connections LDAP Traveler Authentication Password Synchronisation Tool
- 10. STEPS FOR SINGLE PASSWORD, SINGLE PLACE For LDAP compliant applications ensure you use the same LDAP directory source For Domino systems, configure Directory Assistance to point to an LDAP source ensure you have an attribute in your LDAP directory that contains the user’s distinguished name so Domino is returned a valid user name You can then empty out the HTTP Password field for all users This will work for any Domino application, mail , traveler, Sametime etc The user can be entirely remote and with no access to LDAP directly and this will still work
- 11. SPNEGO
- 12. S imPle N eGotiation known as NTLM or Kerberos in Active Directory GSSAPI Mechanism
- 13. SPNEGO EXAMPLE FOR DOMINO 1 USER LOGS INTO WINDOWS STEPS
- 14. SPNEGO EXAMPLE FOR DOMINO 1 2 ACTIVE DIRECTORY GENERATES SPNEGO TOKEN STEPS USER LOGS INTO WINDOWS
- 15. SPNEGO EXAMPLE FOR DOMINO 1 2 3 ACTIVE DIRECTORY GENERATES SPNEGO TOKEN USER TRIES TO ACCESS DOMINO WEBSITE STEPS USER LOGS INTO WINDOWS
- 16. SPNEGO EXAMPLE FOR DOMINO 1 2 3 4 ACTIVE DIRECTORY GENERATES SPNEGO TOKEN USER TRIES TO ACCESS DOMINO WEBSITE BROWSER SENDS SPNEGO TOKEN TO DOMINO ALONG WITH USER NAME STEPS USER LOGS INTO WINDOWS
- 17. SPNEGO EXAMPLE FOR DOMINO 1 2 3 4 5 ACTIVE DIRECTORY GENERATES SPNEGO TOKEN USER TRIES TO ACCESS DOMINO WEBSITE BROWSER SENDS SPNEGO TOKEN TO DOMINO ALONG WITH USER NAME DOMINO CONTACTS ACTIVE DIRECTORY TO VALIDATE TOKEN AND RETRIEVE THE USER’S NAME STEPS USER LOGS INTO WINDOWS
- 18. DOMINO CREATES A LTPATOKEN FORTHE VALIDATED USER AND GRANTS ACCESS Enable Multi Server Single Sign-On To Extend Access To Other Servers
- 19. SETTING UP SPNEGO Create a Domino Web SSO document Set up a SPN for the Domino server in Active Directory Domino must run under whatever account you set up for it Run domspnego Take the output and give it to your AD administrator to run setspn with Run setspn -a http://<dominohostname> <accountnamerunningdomino> Update person documents with AD name appended to FullName (and optional others like krbPrincipalName and LTPA User Name)
- 20. WHY NOT SPNEGO It requires Active Directory It requires users to login to Active Directory It requires Microsoft Supported browsers It requires a Windows client for the users It requires Domino to be on a Windows platform at least the first Domino server that’s accessed, the rest can then be reached via Multi Server SSO token generated by Domino ! It doesn’t work at all if the user is remotely connecting and not logging into Active Directory It has a very specific use case
- 21. SAML
- 22. A ssertion M arkup L anguage SAML is a protocol and process for exchanging authorisation and authentication data for a user between services and servers S ecurity
- 23. IDP (IDENTITY PROVIDER) Sp (Service Provider) Sp (Service Provider) Sp (Service Provider)
- 24. NO PASSWORDS….. TO COMPROMISE TO EXPIRE TO INTERCEPT Once a user has authenticated with the IdP they won’t be asked again
- 25. SAML EXAMPLE 25 1 USER ATTEMPTS TO LOG IN TO A WEBSITE STEPS
- 26. SAML EXAMPLE 26 1 2 USER ATTEMPTS TO LOG IN TO A WEBSITE USER IS REDIRECTED TO IDENTITY PROVIDER STEPS
- 27. SAML EXAMPLE 27 1 2 3 USER ATTEMPTS TO LOG IN TO A WEBSITE USER IS REDIRECTED TO IDENTITY PROVIDER IDENTITY PROVIDER REQUESTS AUTHENTICATION OR (IF USER IS LOGGED IN) RETURNS CREDENTIALS STEPS
- 28. SAML EXAMPLE 28 1 2 3 4 USER ATTEMPTS TO LOG IN TO A WEBSITE USER IS REDIRECTED TO IDENTITY PROVIDER IDENTITY PROVIDER REQUESTS AUTHENTICATION OR (IF USER IS LOGGED IN) RETURNS CREDENTIALS USER IS REDIRECTED BACK TO ORIGINAL SITE WITH SAML ASSERTION ATTACHED STEPS
- 29. SAML EXAMPLE 29 1 2 3 4 5 USER ATTEMPTS TO LOG IN TO A WEBSITE USER IS REDIRECTED TO IDENTITY PROVIDER IDENTITY PROVIDER REQUESTS AUTHENTICATION OR (IF USER IS LOGGED IN) RETURNS CREDENTIALS USER IS REDIRECTED BACK TO ORIGINAL SITE WITH SAML ASSERTION ATTACHED ORIGINAL SITE USES ITS SAML SERVICE PROVIDER TO CONFIRM SAML ASSERTION AND GRANT ACCESS STEPS
- 30. DEFINITIONS IdP - Identity Provider (SSO) ADFS (Active Directory Federation Services in Windows 2008 and Windows 2012) SAML 2.0 only can be combined with SPNEGO Enhances Integrated Windows Authentication (IWA) TFIM (Tivoli Federated Identity Manager) SAML 1.1 and 2.0
- 31. DEFINITIONS SP - Service Provider IBM Domino (web federated login) IBM WebSphere IBM Notes (requires IDVault) (notes federated login)
- 32. MORE DEFINITIONS IdP (Identity Providers) use HTTP or SOAP to communicate to SP (Service Providers) via XML based assertions Assertions have three roles Authentication Authorisation Retrieving Attributes
- 33. AN IDP CAN SERVICE MANY SERVICE PROVIDERS A SP can be connected to several IdPs An IdP can use a variety of authentication methods including multi factor
- 34. SETTING UP SAML Choose your IdP if you don’t already have one which fits best in your business Build the IdP Configure the SP ! Sounds easy doesn’t it? It’s really not easy by any means but it is worth the investment in time
- 35. WHY NOT SAML Not everything supports it Traveler doesn’t Sametime doesn’t IDVault is a requirement so IDs that can’t be vaulted can’t be used multiple passwords, smartcards etc
- 36. OAUTH
- 37. NOT EVERYTHING BELONGSTO YOU OAuth is an authentication standard supported by most major cloud providers
- 38. THE USER &THE CONSUMER Let’s say you want Facebook to post on your Connections Activity Stream. ! We need OAuth for that.. You are the User Facebook is the Consumer
- 39. THE SERVICE PROVIDER & ITS SECRETS The consumer (Facebook) wanders over to the Service Provider (IBM Connections) and asks for permission to post on the Activity Stream The Service Provider issues a Secret to go with every URL request from the user which authorises access
- 40. OAUTH SIMPLIFIED EXAMPLE 40 1 USER ASKS FACEBOOK (THE CONSUMER) TO POST ON THEIR ACTIVITY STREAM STEPS
- 41. OAUTH SIMPLIFIED EXAMPLE 41 1 2 USER ASKS FACEBOOK (THE CONSUMER) TO POST ON THEIR ACTIVITY STREAM FACEBOOK GOES TO CONNECTIONS (THE SERVICE PROVIDER) AND ASKS FOR PERMISSION TO POST STEPS
- 42. OAUTH SIMPLIFIED EXAMPLE 42 1 2 3 USER ASKS FACEBOOK (THE CONSUMER) TO POST ON THEIR ACTIVITY STREAM FACEBOOK GOES TO CONNECTIONS (THE SERVICE PROVIDER) AND ASKS FOR PERMISSION TO POST THE SERVICE PROVIDER GIVES THE CONSUMER A SECRET KEY TO GIVE TO THE USER AND A URL FOR THE USER TO CLICK ON STEPS
- 43. OAUTH SIMPLIFIED EXAMPLE 43 1 2 3 4 USER ASKS FACEBOOK (THE CONSUMER) TO POST ON THEIR ACTIVITY STREAM FACEBOOK GOES TO CONNECTIONS (THE SERVICE PROVIDER) AND ASKS FOR PERMISSION TO POST THE SERVICE PROVIDER GIVES THE CONSUMER A SECRET KEY TO GIVE TO THE USER AND A URL FOR THE USER TO CLICK ON THE USER CLICKS ON THE URL AND AUTHENTICATES WITH THE SERVICE PROVIDER STEPS
- 44. OAUTH SIMPLIFIED EXAMPLE 44 1 2 3 4 5 USER ASKS FACEBOOK (THE CONSUMER) TO POST ON THEIR ACTIVITY STREAM FACEBOOK GOES TO CONNECTIONS (THE SERVICE PROVIDER) AND ASKS FOR PERMISSION TO POST THE SERVICE PROVIDER GIVES THE CONSUMER A SECRET KEY TO GIVE TO THE USER AND A URL FOR THE USER TO CLICK ON THE USER CLICKS ON THE URL AND AUTHENTICATES WITH THE SERVICE PROVIDER THE SERVICE PROVIDER , SATISFIED THE SECRET KEY IS GOOD, WILL NOW ALLOW THE CONSUMER ACCESS TO ITS SERVICES STEPS
- 45. THAT WAS REALLY SIMPLIFIED There are other steps and other secrets to ensure traffic is not intercepted once authorisation is granted There are checks to ensure the Service Provider is who it claims to be You don’t want to accidentally authorise a phishing site There are also lots of timeouts on the authorisation ! Make sure you understand the security of both the Consumer and the Service Provider as well as what access you are granting the Consumer on your behalf
- 46. IN SUMMARY Think about what your problem actually is, there are plenty of technologies to make the user experience seamless but they become ever more complex to build and maintain What are your priorities. Single password? No password? No authentication with a particular service Many solutions require specific operating systems, software and client versions Make sure you meet all requirements before building a plan you can’t deliver on Some things are very easy (Single password, SPNEGO) Some things are very hard (SAML, OAuth) There is no one solution, you need to choose the combination that delivers for you
- 47. HOWTO FIND ME Twitter, blogs, Instagram, Facebook and more gabriella@turtlepartnership.com GabriellaDavis (skype) http://turtleblog.info gabturtle on twitter and elsewhere