IS-Overview.ppt

INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Overview
Information Systems and
Management

An Introduction to
Information Systems
Information System:
An information system is a set of
interrelated components that collect,
manipulate, store data and disseminate
information and provide a feedback
mechanism to monitor performance.

What is an Information
System?
An organized combination of
people, hardware, software,
communications networks, and
data resources that collects data,
transforms it, and disseminates
information.

Data Vs. Information
Data: Raw unorganized facts
Information:
A collection of facts organized in such a
way that they have additional value
beyond the value of the facts themselves.
Defining and organizing relationships among
data creates information.

Information Concepts
Process:
A set of logically related tasks performed
to achieve a defined outcome.
Knowledge:
An awareness and understanding of a set
of information and ways that information
can be made useful to support a specific
task or reach a decision

The Value of Information
The value of Information
is directly linked to how
it helps decision makers
achieve their organization’s
goals.

System
A system is a set of elements or
components that interact to
accomplish goals.

CBIS
Hardware:
Computer Equipment
Software:
Computer Programs
Databases:
An organized collections of facts

CBIS
Telecommunications:
Electronic transmission of signals
for communication
 Networks: Distant electronic communication
 Internet: Interconnected Networks
 Intranet: Internal Corporate Network
 Extranet: Linked Intranets

CBIS
People
Procedures:
Strategies, policies, methods, and
rules for using a CBIS.

Electronic and Mobile
Commerce
E-Commerce:
Any business transaction executed
electronically
M-Commerce:
Transactions conducted anywhere,
anytime
Relies on wireless communications

TPS and ERP
• Transaction
– business related exchange
– Evidence of a business event
• Transaction Processing System (TPS)
– A system which records completed
business transactions
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
– A set of integrated programs for managing
the entire business operations

Business Information
Systems
Management Information System:
A system used to provide routine
information to managers and decision
makers
Decision Support System:
A system used to support problem-
specific decision making

Specialized Business I.S.
Artificial Intelligence (AI):
A field in which the computer takes on the
characteristics of human intelligence

Expert System:
A system that gives a computer the ability to
make suggestions and act like an expert in a
particular field.
Knowledge Base:
The collection of data, rules,
procedures, and relationships that
must be followed to achieve value or
the proper outcome.

Virtual Reality:
The simulation of a real or
imagined environment that can be
experienced visually in three
dimensions

Systems Development:
The activity of creating or modifying
existing business information systems

Systems Investigation and
Analysis
Understand the problem
and potential solutions

Systems Design,
Implementation, Maintenance
and Review
 Determine how the new system will
meet business needs
 Put the new system into operation
 Ensure the system continues to
meet changing business needs

Information Systems in
Society
Security, Privacy, Ethical
Issues in Information Systems
and the Internet.

Computer Literacy:
Knowledge of computer systems
and equipment and the ways they
function

Data Input
Feedback
Control
Information
Management
Decisions
Output
Process
(Environment)
General Information Systems Diagram

Data:
Raw unorganized facts
Information:
Data organized in a meaningful
way for the user (in consideration of
the environment)

Informal Information System
Each organization has a unique
culture, or fundamental set of
assumptions, values, and ways of
doing things, that has been
accepted by most of its members

Environment:
• Business - other functional areas
• Computer – hardware, software, other IS
Sub System:
Component of a larger system
System Boundary:
Interaction with environment (user or other
system) via an interface

Information System
Activities
1. Input of Data Resources
2. Process Data into Information
3. Output of Information

Input of Data Resources
• Data entry
• Editing
• Machine readable
• Source documents
– Formal record of a transaction
• User interface
– How users interact with information system
– Optical scanning; menu; prompts; fill in
blanks

Process Data into
Information
• Calculate
• Compare
• Sort
• Classify
• Summarize
The quality of the data must be maintained by a
continual process of correcting and updating
activities

Output of Information
• Transmit information to users
– Display; paper; audio
• Storage of data
– Data are retained in an organized manner
• Fields; records; files; data bases
• Control of system performance
– Feedback must be monitored and
evaluated to determine if the information
system is meeting established
performance standards

Decisions
TPS
MIS
GIS, CAD/CAM,
OAS
Keep
Track
Sell
Make
Information Systems
Management Levels
Tactical
Technical
(Operational)
Strategic
Structured
Unstructured
Buy
Functions
Lower
Management
Middle
Management
Knowledge and
Data Worker
Senior
Management
DSS
ESS
Systems Applications in the Organization

IS-Overview.ppt

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