ITE 1_Lesson-1-_Ev_Compute - Introduction to computer
- 2. What was our last topic?
- 4. Computer Computer a programmable electronic device designed to accept data, perform prescribed mathematical and logical operations at high speed, and display the results of these operations.
- 5. What are the characteristics and capabilities of computer?
- 6. Characteristics and Capabilities of Computer • Speed • Accuracy • Diligence • Versatility • Power of Remembering • No IQ (Intelligence Quotient) • No feelings • Storage
- 7. What can you say about the pictures?
- 8. Evolution of Computer Prepared by : Ma’am Mary Joy Mustacisa-Capito
- 9. Evolution of Computer 1) pre-modern era 2) first, 3) second, 4) third, 5) fourth, and 6) fifth generations.
- 10. Pre-Modern Era • There are three classifications of devices that evolved during the pre-modern era namely manual-mechanical devices, electro-mechanical, and electronic devices.
- 11. Pre-Modern Era (Manual-Mechanical devices) Manual-Mechanical devices are devices that are operated manually by the user. Examples of manual-mechanical devices are: • Abacus. It is also called a counting frame and is considered the first man-made computing device. In fact, it was used for centuries. It uses beads and it was invented in china.
- 12. • Napier’s Bones. It is a manually-operated device used for calculating products and quotients. It was invented by John Napier. Pre-Modern Era (Manual-Mechanical devices)
- 13. • Oughtred’s Slide Rule. It is a mechanical analog computer consists of movable bars with a precise scale which uses approximations for solving problems like multiplication, division, roots, logarithms and trigonometry. It was invented by William Oughtred. Pre-Modern Era (Manual-Mechanical devices)
- 14. • Pascaline Calculators. It is also called Adding Machine. It the first mechanical calculating device that uses cogged wheels that can be used to add and subtract two numbers. It was invented by Blaise Pascal. Pre-Modern Era (Manual-Mechanical devices)
- 15. • Leibniz Calculator. It is also called stopped drum and is considered the improved Pascaline which could multiply and divide. It was invented by Gottfried Leibriz. Pre-Modern Era (Manual-Mechanical devices)
- 16. • Babbage’s Difference and Analytical Engines. These engines embodied most of the design of modem computers. The Difference engine can compute tables and the Analytical engine is completely automatic and is capable of calculating any mathematical problems. It was invented by Charles Babbage. Pre-Modern Era (Manual-Mechanical devices)
- 17. Pre-Modern Era (Electro-Mechanical devices) Electro-Mechanical Devices refer to mechanical devices powered by electronic motors and use switches and relays. Examples of electromechanical devices are: • Hollerith Card. It is the first use of punched cards to store data. It was developed by Herman Hollerith.
- 18. Pre-Modern Era (Electro-Mechanical devices) • Automatic Weaving Loom. It uses the concept of punched card to control a sequence of operation. It was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard.
- 19. Pre-Modern Era (Electro-Mechanical devices) • Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (MARK1). It is the first general-purpose electro-mechanical computer and it was invented by Howard H. Aiken.
- 20. Pre-Modern Era (Electronic devices) Electronic Devices. Their principal components of electronic devices are circuit boards, transistors or silicon chips and use electrical switches and circuitry instead of mechanical relays. The examples of electronic devices are: • ABC (Atanasoff-Berry-Computer). The first special purpose digital computer that solves simultaneous equations. It was developed by John Atanasoff.
- 21. Pre-Modern Era (Electronic devices) • Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC). The first fully electronic general-purpose digital computer ever completed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert.
- 22. Pre-Modern Era (Electronic devices) • Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC). Mauchly and Eckert started working on it two years before ENIAC even went into operation. Their idea was to have the program for the computer stored inside the computer. This would be possible because EDVAC was going to have more internal memory than any other computing device to date. Memory was to be provided through the use of mercury delay lines. It is the completely internally programmed machine. This is simply the enhancement of ENIAC to overcome its limitations.
- 23. Pre-Modern Era (Electronic devices) • Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC). It is also known as Electronic Binary Digital internally stored program; the first full-size stored- program computer, built at the University of Cambridge, England by Maurice Wilkes and others to provide a formal computing service for users. EDSAC was built according to the von Neumann machine principles..
- 24. First Generation Computers (1951-1958) • The size of computer during the first generation computers are mainframes. The major hardware features are 1,000 instructions per second. • One example of computer during this generation is Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC). It is the first commercial business computer and was developed by John Eckert and John Mauchly. Other example is IBM 701 which is the first generation IBM computers. The most popular 1st generation computer is IBM 650.
- 25. First Generation Computers (1951-1958) Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC) IBM 701 IBM 650
- 26. Second Generation Computer (1959-1963) • The major hardware features of second generation computers are transistors and magnetic core. Its processing speed is 1,000,000 instructions per second and the size is mainframe. • TRADIC is one example of second generation computer. It is the first transistorized computers are UNIVAC II, IBM 7070, 7090 and 1400 series.
- 27. Second Generation Computer (1959-1963) TRAnsistor DIgital Computer or TRansistorized Airborne DIgital Computer
- 28. Third Generation Computers (1964-1970) • During the third generation, minicomputers already became available. The major hardware features are integrated circuit or “chips” and the processing speed is 10,000,000 instructions per second. One example of third generation computer is IBM System 360. It is first general-purpose machine used in science and business.
- 29. Third Generation Computers (1964-1970) IBM System 360
- 30. Fourth Generation Computers (1971- present) • The fourth generation started in 1971 up to the present. The size of computer varies from mainframes, minicomputers and microcomputers. The major hardware features are microprocessors or large-scale integrated circuit. The minimum processing speed is 100,000,000 instructions per second. • Some examples of fourth generation computers, IBM System 370, System 3090, IBM PC – XT based computers, IBM PC – AT based computers, Intel 4004, 8080, Pentium series, Dual core, Quad core, and series.
- 31. Fourth Generation Computers ((1971 - Present)
- 32. Fifth GENERATION Computer (Future) The next generation of computers are called fifth generation.