IUCN: Assessment and Inventory based on the recommendation of IUCN
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The document discusses the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), its history, functions, and activities related to conservation and biodiversity. It emphasizes the IUCN Red List of threatened species and ecosystems, which provides critical assessments of species' conservation status and risks of extinction. The IUCN aims to promote sustainable use of natural resources and has established partnerships globally to enhance conservation efforts.
IUCN: Assessment and Inventory based on the recommendation of IUCN
- 1. Semester –II PUBOT-509 (CC-8) Plant Tissue Culture, Ethnobotany, Biodiversity & Biometry Unit-III Assessment and Inventory based on recommendation of IUCN Varsha Rani Department of Botany Purnea University Purnia Monday, May10, 2020
- 2. Introduction • The International Union for conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. It is the leading International environmental organization. Its headquarter is at Gland, Switzerland. HEADQUARTERS: Gland, Switzerland 1066 NGOs 16151 experts in commissions 161 countries
- 3. HISTORY • The IUCN was founded on 18 October, 1948 at Fontainebleau, France. • It is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of species. • The organization is funded by governments, member organizations bilateral and multilateral agencies, etc. • It is the world's main authority on the conservation status of species. • It is headquartered in Gland, Switzerland. India became a state member of IUCN in 1969. The office of IUCN in India is located in New Delhi established in 2007
- 4. CONT. • IUCN has produced several key international environmental agreements namely: The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), The World Heritage Convention, and The Ramsar Convention on wetlands.
- 5. Functions of IUCN • The organization is best known for compiling and publishing the IUCN Red List of threatened species, which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide. • The mission of IUCN is to persuade, promote and help societies to preserve the diversity of nature. • Its aim is to protect nature and promotes its sustainable utilization of natural resources. It also integrates matter of poverty alleviation, climate change, and biodiversity and gender equality.
- 6. Activities of IUCN Source: IUCN; https://www.iucn.org/theme • IUCN works over a wide range of themes related to conservation, environmental and ecological issues. • Some of them are given below): a) Business and Biodiversity: aims to transform business values, manages and invests in nature, highlighting the opportunities and benefits of a more sustainable approach. b) Climate Change: assessing the risks of climate change; practical nature-based solutions centered on better conservation, management and restoration of natural ecosystems. c) Ecosystem Management: IUCN works to have healthy ecosystems to provide goods (food and water,) and services (climate regulation and protection from natural hazards). d) Forest conservation e) Protection of Marine and Polar environments f) IUCN Global Species Programme is to save species for people and nature. g) Water Conservation and Management h) Natural World Heritage sites i) IUCN Global Protected Areas Programme
- 7. IUCN has generated several resources. • Such as a) Conservation Tools b) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species c) IUCN Red List of Ecosystems d) Key Biodiversity Areas
- 8. Conservation tools • The key objective of IUCN is to share the knowledge. IUCN's knowledge products consist of conservation databases and tools. The major list of Conservation databases developed by IUCN is given below: • The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species • The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems assesses • The World Database on Key Biodiversity Areas • Protected Planet assesses • ECOLEX : a gateway to environmental law
- 9. a) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species • The IUCN Red list of threatened species was created in 1964. This is the world’s most inclusive record of worldwide conservation status of biological species. • It is one of the most well-known objective assessment systems for classifying the status of plants, animals, and other organisms threatened with extinction. • The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) unveiled this assessment system in 1994. • It contains explicit criteria and categories to classify the conservation status of individual species on the basis of their probability of extinction. The species are categorized into nine groups by IUCN Red List.
- 10. Showing IUCN Red list various categories
- 11. Extinct A species is Extinct when the last existing member dies. Eg: Dodo The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species. Total 868 species Extinct in the world.
- 12. Extinct in the Wild" (EW) • "Extinct in the Wild" (EW) Species listed under this status by IUCN are not known to have any living specimens in the wild, and are maintained only in zoos or other artificial environments. For example: Alagoas curassow. • When possible, modern zoological institutions try to maintain a viable population for species preservation and possible future reintroduction to the wild, through use of carefully planned breeding programs. • Total 78 species Extinct in the wild in world.
- 13. A Critically endangered (CR) • A Critically endangered (CR) species is one which has been categorized by the IUCN as facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. For example: Gharial. • Total 5176 species critically endangered in the world.
- 14. Endangered Species (EN) • A taxon is endangered when it is not critically endangered but it is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in a near future. For example: Tiger. • 7705 species are endangered worldwide.
- 15. Vulnerable(VU) • A taxon is vulnerable when it is not critically endangered or endangered but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium term future . For example: Polar bear. • Total 11654 species are Vulnerable world wide.
- 16. Rare(R) • Taxa which are not presently endangered or vulnerable but can become Rare because of small population usually located in restricted scattered over a more extensive range . For example: Blue-billed duck.
- 17. Least Concern (LC) • A taxon is LC when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does not qualify for CR, EN, VU or NT. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category
- 18. Data Deficient (DD) • A taxon is DD, when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat.
- 19. Not Evaluated (NE) • A taxon is NE, when it is has not yet been evaluated against the criteria.
- 20. Criteria for classification • The IUCN system uses a set of five quantitative criteria to assess the threat or extinction risk of a given species. These are the followings: • 1) The rate of population decline of a given species. • 2) The geographic range. • 3) Population size • 4) Species size or its habitat area • 5) Whether these above quantitative properties indicate a high probability of extinction of species in the wild.
- 21. b) IUCN Red List of Ecosystems • The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is a global standard to access the conservation status of ecosystems. • It is applicable at local, national, regional and global levels. It is based on a set of rules, or criteria, for performing evidence- based, scientific assessments of the risk of ecosystem collapse, as measured by reductions in geographical distribution or degradation of the key processes and components of ecosystems
- 22. The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is working towards five major targets: • Classify and list the world’s ecosystems and document their status. • Focus not only on threatened ecosystems but also on those that are in good condition as a result of active management, and so highlight best practices in ecosystem management. • Establish a “secretariat” to manage the Red List of Ecosystems process in collaboration with the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. • Enhance technical and institutional capacity for ecosystem red-listing at national, regional and global levels. • Develop strong linkages between good ecosystem management and sectors which are not necessarily focused on conservation • (e.g. national and economic planning, livelihood improvement, and the private sector).
- 23. IUCN 2017-2020 Programme and future prospects • The IUCN Programmes working for people and nature provides the framework for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the conservation work undertaken by the Commissions and the Secretariat with and on behalf of IUCN Members. • At present IUCN programme 2017-2020 was approved by member organizations at IUCN’s World Conservation Congress • The IUCN programme 2017-2020 has three main priority areas: • a) Valuing and conserving nature. • b) Promoting and supporting effective and equitable governance of natural resources. • c) Deploying nature-based solutions to societal challenges. • The aim of IUCN is that up to 2025, to assess the global conservation status of all of the world’s terrestrial, freshwater, marine and subterranean ecosystems and to create the first IUCN Red List of Ecosystems of the World.
- 24. Proposed timeline for development of the IUCN Red list of Ecosystems to achieve global coverage.
- 25. World Conservation Congress • Held once every four years, the IUCN World Conservation Congress brings together several thousand leaders and decision- makers from government, civil society, indigenous peoples, business, and academia, with the goal of conserving the environment and harnessing the solutions nature offers to global challenges.
- 26. • The Congress aims to improve how we manage our natural environment for human, social and economic development, but this cannot be achieved by conservationists alone. The IUCN Congress is the place to put aside differences and work together to create good environmental governance, engaging all parts of society to share both the responsibilities and the benefits of conservation. Cont.
- 27. • Information on the new dates of the Congress • In light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and to ensure the safety of participants and visitors, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the French government have decided to postpone the IUCN World Conservation Congress 2020. Previously scheduled for 11 to 19 June 2020, it will now take place from 7 to 15 January 2021 in Marseille
- 28. Member • IUCN harnesses the knowledge, resources and reach of approximately 1400 Member organizations. These include States and government agencies, NGOs large and small, Indigenous Peoples' organizations, scientific and academic institutions and business associations. • Organizations and institutions who are interested in becoming an IUCN Member can find out more about the benefits of becoming a Member and see an overview of our current membership. • Existing IUCN Members can log in to the Union Portal to read important updates, share knowledge, news and information, and learn about new opportunities.
- 29. IUCN INDIA • India a mega diverse country accounts for 7-8% of all recorded species. • Over 45,968 species of plants and 91,364 species of animals. • 4 of 34 globally identified biodiversity hotspots: The Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the North-East, and the Nicobar Islands in India. • India became a State Member of IUCN in 1969, through the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). • The IUCN India Country Office was established in 2007 in New Delhi.
- 30. THANK YOU