International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
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This document summarizes a study that used finite element analysis to model and analyze stresses in a boiler shell with riveted joints. A double riveted lap joint geometry was modeled in ANSYS and subjected to an internal pressure of 2 MPa. Von-Mises stresses, maximum shear stresses, and total deformation were calculated and compared to analytical results. Structural steel and aluminum alloy were analyzed as materials. The results found that structural steel experienced lower stresses than aluminum alloy under the same pressures, indicating it is safer for the boiler shell application.
![International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com
Volume 10, Issue 3 (March 2014), PP.76-83
76
Static Structural Analysis of Boiler Shell with Riveted Joints
Using CAE Tool’s
Aslam kha Kausar kha Pathan1
, Sheikh Kasim Sheikh Rauf2
,
Nikhil V. Nandanwar3
Student1,2-Mechanical Engg Dept. Dr N.P. Hirani Institute Of Polytechnic Pusad
Professor3- Mechanical Engg Dept. Dr N.P. Hirani Institute Of Polytechnic Pusad
Abstract:-This paper deals with the stress analysis of boiler shell with riveted joints. By using finite element
method, a stress analysis has been carried out under the application of pressure at the inner surface of boiler
shell. Von-Mises stresses and maximum shear stresses are found. These stresses are compared with analytical
results. Using the two materials, structural steel and aluminum alloy, stress values have been compared for same
working conditions. It is found that structural steel is safer as compared to aluminum alloy at the same working
conditions. Modeling has been done by Pro-E and analysis of riveted joint has been done by ANSYS
(Workbench) with a version 14.5.
I. INTRODUCTION
Rivets are used to make permanent fastening between the plates such as in bridges, tanks and boiler
shells. The riveted joints are widely used for joining light metals. The boiler and pressure vessels are cylindrical
in shape and withstand high internal pressure. The cylindrical pressure vessel is identified by two dimensions,
the length and diameter. The cylinders are made from plates and whole length of shell may not be obtained from
single sheet. Therefore, cylindrical sections are obtained by bending sheets and joining edges by riveted joint.
The sections are then joined together by another riveted joint along circumference. Thus there are two types of
joints longitudinal and circumferential. The longitudinal joint bears hoop stress (σh) and circumferential joint
bears longitudinal stress (σl). As σh= 2 σl, the longitudinal joint will have to be two times as strong as
circumferential joint. Therefore, longitudinal joints are made butt joints whereas the circumferential joints are
mode as lap joints. Farah et al. developed software for designing and analyzing rivets of boiler shells as an
example to use rivets in industry [1]. Until recently the primary analysis method had been hand calculations and
empirical curves. David Heckman studied finite element analysis of pressure vessel using ANSYS [2]. William
Barnet concluded that the difference between the diameter of rivet hole and of the rivet should vary with the size
of rivet [3]. Nidhi et al. showed burst pressure prediction of pressure vessel using FEA. They proposed various
types of finite element methods used for the calculation of burst strength of pressure vessel [4]. Kale et al.
studied analysis of adhesively bonded riveted joints [5]. Hossein et al. studied parameters including squeeze
force, rivet length, rivet diameter and hole diameter tolerance associated with a riveting process that directly
affects the quality of rivets [6- 7]. Elzbieta et al. showed influence of technological imperfections on residual
stress fields in riveted joints [8]. Gutman et al. purposed a method for determining the critical time of stability
loss in thin-walled high-pressure vessels subjected to uniform corrosion from the inside [9]. Masayuki et al.
studied the failure pressure of pipe with wall thinning using three-dimensional elastic–plastic finite element
analyses [10]. A number of analyses have been performed on thin pressure vessels and riveted joints. But static
structural analysis of boiler shell with riveted joints (which is designed on the basis of thin pressure vessel
theory) using ANSYS has not been studied yet. By using finite element method, a stress analysis has been
carried out under the application of pressure at the inner surface of boiler shell. Using the two materials,
structural steel and aluminum alloy, stress values have been compared for same working conditions.
II. PROBLEM MODELLING
A double riveted lap joint has been analyzed. Geometry of the present problem is:
Diameter of the cylinder = 1500 mm.
Pressure= 2 N/mm2
Pitch = 105 mm
Thickness of the cylinder = 22 mm as shown in figure1.
Maximum principle stress σ1=90 MPa
Minimum Principle Stress σ3=2 MPa (pressure at inner surface)
Von-Mises Stress σe= √[{(σ1-σ2)2+(σ2-σ3)2+(σ3-σ1)2}/2]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/j1037683-140322035843-phpapp02/85/International-Journal-of-Engineering-Research-and-Development-1-320.jpg)
![Static Structural Analysis of Boiler Shell with Riveted Joints Using CAE Tool’s
83
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The following conclusions can be drawn from analysis:
1. The maximum Von–Mises stresses (including local stress) in structural steel as well as in aluminum alloy
are less than as compared to their corresponding yield strengths as well as maximum tensile strength. The
models presented here are safe and under permissible limit of stresses.
2. The results obtained are well in agreement with the analytical results.
3. Boiler shell with riveted joints made with structural steel is safer as compared to boiler shell made with
aluminum alloy.
REFERENCES
[1]. Farah KamilAbid Muslim Dr. Essam L. Esmail, Computer aided design of rivets for Steam Boiler Shell
Al-Qadisiya Journal for Engineering Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 4, 377-393, Year 2012.
[2]. David Heckman, Finite Element Analysis of Pressure Vessels, University of California, Davis Mentor:
Gene Massion, Mark Greise Summer 1998
[3]. William Barnet Le Van, Riveted joints in Boiler shell, Read at the state meeting of institute, held Nov
19,1890.
[4]. NidhiDwivedi, Veerendra Kumar, Burst Pressure Prediction of Pressure Vessel using FEA,
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181, Vol. 1 Issue
7, September – 2012
[5]. Kale Suresh, K.L.N.Murty&T.Jaynanda Kumar, Analysis of adhesively bonded single lap riveted joint
using ANSYS International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (IJMIE) ISSN No. 2231
–6477, Vol-2, Iss-4, 2012
[6]. Faisal Aman& S. HosseinCheraghi& Krishna K. Krishnan & Hamid Lankarani, Study of the impact of
riveting sequence, rivet pitch, and gap between sheets on the quality of riveted lap joints using finite
element method Springer-Verlag London Limited 2012
[7]. S. HosseinCheraghi, Effect of variations in the riveting process on the quality of riveted joints
Springer-Verlag London Limited 2007
[8]. ElzbietaSzymczyk, Jerzy Jachimowicz, GrzegorzSławinski, AgnieszkaDerewonkoa, Influence of
technological imperfections on residual stress fields in riveted joints Military University of
Technology, ul. gen. SylwestraKaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
[9]. E. Gutman , J. Haddad , R. Bergman, Stability of thin-walled high-pressure vesselssubjected to uniform
corrosion Department of Material Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, School of
Engineering, Beer-Sheva , Israel
[10]. Masayuki Kamaya, Tomohisa Suzuki, Toshiyuki Meshii, Failure pressure of straight pipe with wall
thinning under internal pressure Institute of Nuclear Safety System, Fukui, JapanUniversity of Fukui,
Fukui, Japan](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/j1037683-140322035843-phpapp02/85/International-Journal-of-Engineering-Research-and-Development-8-320.jpg)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
- 1. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 10, Issue 3 (March 2014), PP.76-83 76 Static Structural Analysis of Boiler Shell with Riveted Joints Using CAE Tool’s Aslam kha Kausar kha Pathan1 , Sheikh Kasim Sheikh Rauf2 , Nikhil V. Nandanwar3 Student1,2-Mechanical Engg Dept. Dr N.P. Hirani Institute Of Polytechnic Pusad Professor3- Mechanical Engg Dept. Dr N.P. Hirani Institute Of Polytechnic Pusad Abstract:-This paper deals with the stress analysis of boiler shell with riveted joints. By using finite element method, a stress analysis has been carried out under the application of pressure at the inner surface of boiler shell. Von-Mises stresses and maximum shear stresses are found. These stresses are compared with analytical results. Using the two materials, structural steel and aluminum alloy, stress values have been compared for same working conditions. It is found that structural steel is safer as compared to aluminum alloy at the same working conditions. Modeling has been done by Pro-E and analysis of riveted joint has been done by ANSYS (Workbench) with a version 14.5. I. INTRODUCTION Rivets are used to make permanent fastening between the plates such as in bridges, tanks and boiler shells. The riveted joints are widely used for joining light metals. The boiler and pressure vessels are cylindrical in shape and withstand high internal pressure. The cylindrical pressure vessel is identified by two dimensions, the length and diameter. The cylinders are made from plates and whole length of shell may not be obtained from single sheet. Therefore, cylindrical sections are obtained by bending sheets and joining edges by riveted joint. The sections are then joined together by another riveted joint along circumference. Thus there are two types of joints longitudinal and circumferential. The longitudinal joint bears hoop stress (σh) and circumferential joint bears longitudinal stress (σl). As σh= 2 σl, the longitudinal joint will have to be two times as strong as circumferential joint. Therefore, longitudinal joints are made butt joints whereas the circumferential joints are mode as lap joints. Farah et al. developed software for designing and analyzing rivets of boiler shells as an example to use rivets in industry [1]. Until recently the primary analysis method had been hand calculations and empirical curves. David Heckman studied finite element analysis of pressure vessel using ANSYS [2]. William Barnet concluded that the difference between the diameter of rivet hole and of the rivet should vary with the size of rivet [3]. Nidhi et al. showed burst pressure prediction of pressure vessel using FEA. They proposed various types of finite element methods used for the calculation of burst strength of pressure vessel [4]. Kale et al. studied analysis of adhesively bonded riveted joints [5]. Hossein et al. studied parameters including squeeze force, rivet length, rivet diameter and hole diameter tolerance associated with a riveting process that directly affects the quality of rivets [6- 7]. Elzbieta et al. showed influence of technological imperfections on residual stress fields in riveted joints [8]. Gutman et al. purposed a method for determining the critical time of stability loss in thin-walled high-pressure vessels subjected to uniform corrosion from the inside [9]. Masayuki et al. studied the failure pressure of pipe with wall thinning using three-dimensional elastic–plastic finite element analyses [10]. A number of analyses have been performed on thin pressure vessels and riveted joints. But static structural analysis of boiler shell with riveted joints (which is designed on the basis of thin pressure vessel theory) using ANSYS has not been studied yet. By using finite element method, a stress analysis has been carried out under the application of pressure at the inner surface of boiler shell. Using the two materials, structural steel and aluminum alloy, stress values have been compared for same working conditions. II. PROBLEM MODELLING A double riveted lap joint has been analyzed. Geometry of the present problem is: Diameter of the cylinder = 1500 mm. Pressure= 2 N/mm2 Pitch = 105 mm Thickness of the cylinder = 22 mm as shown in figure1. Maximum principle stress σ1=90 MPa Minimum Principle Stress σ3=2 MPa (pressure at inner surface) Von-Mises Stress σe= √[{(σ1-σ2)2+(σ2-σ3)2+(σ3-σ1)2}/2]
- 2. Static Structural Analysis of Boiler Shell with Riveted Joints Using CAE Tool’s 77 = 87.64 MPa Maximum Shear Stress = (σ1-σ3)/2 =44 Mpa Fig.1 Geometry of boiler shell with riveted joints using symmetry The problem is modeled in ANSYS workbench 14. Finite element mesh is generated for full assembly as shown in figure 2. The mesh refinement is carried out until the radial stresses at most of the inner and outer surface of the cylinder closely match with applied pressure and zero respectively Fig. 2 Meshing of boiler shell At the bottom face of the cylinder, degrees of freedom in Z-direction, at rivet outer heads in Y- direction and at diametric plane in X-direction are constrained to stop its rigid body motion. Pressure of 2 MPa is applied at the inner surface of the cylinder and heads at internal side of boiler shell Structural steel and aluminum alloy have been used which are ductile in nature.
- 3. Static Structural Analysis of Boiler Shell with Riveted Joints Using CAE Tool’s 78 Table 1 Material Properties of Structural Steel and Aluminum Alloy for Boiler Shell Property Structural steel Aluminum alloy Young’s Modulus,(E) 2×105 MPa 7.1×104 MPa Poisson’s Ratio 0.30 0.33 Tensile Ultimate strength 460MPa 310 MPa Tensile Yield strength 250 MPa 280 MPa Compressive yield strength 250 MPa 280 MPa Density 7850kg/m3 2770 kg/m3 III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS As shown in figure 5 minimum principle stress at most of the inner surface is 2.57MPa, which is in close agreement with the applied pressure at inner surface. Figure 5 shows the equivalent (Von-Mises) stress of the boiler shell for a pressure of 2MPa. The maximum stress is found to be 96.28 MPa which is at internal surface near the rivet heads as shown by red color, this includes local stress. Excluding local stress its value is 85.91 MPa which is in the close agreement with 87.64 MPa (analytical value). Maximum principle stress shown in figure 4 is 90.66 MPa (excluding local stress) and figure 7 show maximum shear stress 49.58 MPa (excluding local stress) are in close agreement with analytical results. Figures 7 show total deformation, andPossible reasons for variation might be the due to the assumption that loading is considered as surface loading in analytical calculation while it is taken on a bunch of nodes in ANSYS. Table 2 shows the comparison of analytical results and FEA results. Figures 8-10 show analysis of boiler shell with riveted joints using aluminum alloy. Results have been compared for different values of stresses for structural steel (shell as well as rivets) and aluminum alloy (shell as well as rivets) as shown in table 3. Results have also been compared at increasing pressure for structural steel and aluminum alloy as shown in Figure 11. Fig. 3 Maximum principle stress for each element in the boiler shell
- 4. Static Structural Analysis of Boiler Shell with Riveted Joints Using CAE Tool’s 79 Fig. 4 Minimum principle stress for each element in the Boiler Shell. Fig. 5 Equivalent (Von-Mises) stress for each element in the boiler shell
- 5. Static Structural Analysis of Boiler Shell with Riveted Joints Using CAE Tool’s 80 Fig. 6 Maximum shear stress for each element in the boiler shell. Fig. 7 Total deformation for each element in the boiler shell. Table 2 Comparison of Theoretical Results with FEA Software Results S. No. Stress Theoretical Result (MPa) FEA Result (MPa) (Excluding local stress 1 Maximum principle stress 90 90.66 2 Minimum principle stress 2 2.57 3 Von-Mises stress 87.64 85.91 4 Maximum shear stress 44 49.58
- 6. Static Structural Analysis of Boiler Shell with Riveted Joints Using CAE Tool’s 81 Fig. 8 Equivalent (Von-Mises) Stress for each element in the boiler shell for aluminum alloy Fig. 9Maximum shear stress for each element in the boiler shell for aluminum alloy
- 7. Static Structural Analysis of Boiler Shell with Riveted Joints Using CAE Tool’s 82 Fig.10 Total deformation for each element in the boiler shell for aluminum alloy Table 3 Comparison of Results for Structural Steel and Aluminum Alloy S. No. Parameters FEA results for structural steel FEA results for aluminum alloy 1 Equivalent von-Misses stress 96.28 MPa 100.46 MPa 2 Maximum shear stress 55.57 MPa 56.82 MPa 3 Total deformation 0.3434 mm 0.9463 mm Fig. 11 Comparison of Von-Mises Stresses for structural steel and aluminum alloy at increasing Pressure at inner surface of boiler shell
- 8. Static Structural Analysis of Boiler Shell with Riveted Joints Using CAE Tool’s 83 IV. CONCLUSIONS The following conclusions can be drawn from analysis: 1. The maximum Von–Mises stresses (including local stress) in structural steel as well as in aluminum alloy are less than as compared to their corresponding yield strengths as well as maximum tensile strength. The models presented here are safe and under permissible limit of stresses. 2. The results obtained are well in agreement with the analytical results. 3. Boiler shell with riveted joints made with structural steel is safer as compared to boiler shell made with aluminum alloy. REFERENCES [1]. Farah KamilAbid Muslim Dr. Essam L. Esmail, Computer aided design of rivets for Steam Boiler Shell Al-Qadisiya Journal for Engineering Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 4, 377-393, Year 2012. [2]. David Heckman, Finite Element Analysis of Pressure Vessels, University of California, Davis Mentor: Gene Massion, Mark Greise Summer 1998 [3]. William Barnet Le Van, Riveted joints in Boiler shell, Read at the state meeting of institute, held Nov 19,1890. [4]. NidhiDwivedi, Veerendra Kumar, Burst Pressure Prediction of Pressure Vessel using FEA, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181, Vol. 1 Issue 7, September – 2012 [5]. Kale Suresh, K.L.N.Murty&T.Jaynanda Kumar, Analysis of adhesively bonded single lap riveted joint using ANSYS International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (IJMIE) ISSN No. 2231 –6477, Vol-2, Iss-4, 2012 [6]. Faisal Aman& S. HosseinCheraghi& Krishna K. Krishnan & Hamid Lankarani, Study of the impact of riveting sequence, rivet pitch, and gap between sheets on the quality of riveted lap joints using finite element method Springer-Verlag London Limited 2012 [7]. S. HosseinCheraghi, Effect of variations in the riveting process on the quality of riveted joints Springer-Verlag London Limited 2007 [8]. ElzbietaSzymczyk, Jerzy Jachimowicz, GrzegorzSławinski, AgnieszkaDerewonkoa, Influence of technological imperfections on residual stress fields in riveted joints Military University of Technology, ul. gen. SylwestraKaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland [9]. E. Gutman , J. Haddad , R. Bergman, Stability of thin-walled high-pressure vesselssubjected to uniform corrosion Department of Material Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, School of Engineering, Beer-Sheva , Israel [10]. Masayuki Kamaya, Tomohisa Suzuki, Toshiyuki Meshii, Failure pressure of straight pipe with wall thinning under internal pressure Institute of Nuclear Safety System, Fukui, JapanUniversity of Fukui, Fukui, Japan