Jagadeesh project ppt

KSRM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(AUTONOMOUS)
KADAPA
A Project Presentation on
EXPERIMENTALANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF GLASS FIBER
REINFORCED WITH ALUMINIUM POWDER(SPOILER)
GUIDED BY
SRI S. Mahaboob Khan, M.Tech
Assistant Professor
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Dr. K. Rajagopal, M.Tech,p.hd
PRESENTATION BY
N. JAGADEESH KUMAR (149Y1A0384)
P. ABDUL VAHID KHAN (149Y1A0393)
S. MAHAMMED SARFARAJ (149Y1A03B2)
K. RAMESH (149Y1A0358)
K. NARESH (149Y1A0361)
K. LOKESH (149Y1A0364)

ABSTRACT
 The idea behind the comparison between the GFRP and GFRRA is
to evaluate the material property and to find the when & where is
used.
 Fiber metal laminates are good candidates for advanced
aerospace structural applications due to their high specific
mechanical properties especially fatigue resistance.
 The most important factor in manufacturing of these laminates is
the adhesive bonding between aluminum and FRP layers.
 In this study several glass-fiber reinforced aluminum laminates
with different bonding adhesion were manufactured.
 Mechanical Tests like Tensile, Compression and Impact tests were
carried out based on ASTM standard were then conducted to
study the effects of interfacial adhesive bonding on impact
behavior of these laminates.

INTRODUCTION
 Basic requirements for the better performance efficiency of an
aircraft are high strength, high stiffness and low weight.
 The conventional materials such as metals and alloys could
satisfy these requirements only to a certain extent.
 This lead to the need for developing new materials that can
whose properties were superior to conventional metals and
alloys, were developed.
 A composite is a structural material which consists of two or
more constituents combined at a macroscopic level.
 The constituents of a composite material are a continuous
phase called matrix and a discontinuous phase called
reinforcement.

LITERATURE REVIEW
 Po-Ching yeh:Bearing strength of commingled
boron/glass fiber reinforced aluminum laminates
 Luca Caracogli: Experimental comparison of the
dynamic performance for steel, aluminum and
glass-fiber-reinforced-polymer light poles
 Francesco Ascione:An experimental investigation
on the bearing failure load of glass fiber/epoxy
laminates
 G.S. Langdon:Failure characterization of blast-
loaded fiber–metal laminate panels based on
aluminium and glass–fiber reinforced
polypropylene

BASIC COMPOSITE THEORY
In recent times laminate composites have been increasingly
utilized in such lightweight and high strength structured as ground
transportation vehicles, aerospace and space structure. However
composite material suffers from some serious limitation. The most
significant among them is their response to impact loading. A
structure is subjected to an impact force when a foreign object hits
it. For instance, the loads imparted by dropped tool on the bonnet
cover of car body, bird hit and runway debris on an aircraft engine
are typical example of impact loads.
In its most basic form a composite material is one, which is
composed of at least two elements working together to produce
material properties that are different to the properties of those
elements on their own. In practice, most composites consist of a bulk
material (the ‘matrix’), and a reinforcement of some kind, added
primarily to increase the strength and stiffness of the matrix. This
reinforcement is usually in fiber form.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the mechanical
properties like tensile, compression and
impact strength of glass fibre epoxy
laminate with and without aluminium
powder.

METHODOLOGY
The specimens were prepared with the glass fiber epoxy
laminates with Aluminum alloy powder according to the ASTM standard.
The specimens were undergoing for mechanical testing by Universal
testing machine and Impact testing machine. These results were
compared with and without aluminum alloy.

Classification of composite
Composites are classified by
1. The geometry of the reinforcement as particulate, structural
and fibers.
2. The type of matrix as polymer, metal and ceramic.
composites can be categorized into three groups on the basis of
matrix material. They are:
1. Metal Matrix Composites (MMC)
2. Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC)
3. Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC)

Polymer composites can be classified into three groups on the
basis of reinforcing material. They are:
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)
Particle reinforced polymer (PRP)
Structural polymer composites (SPC)
FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER (FRP)
The fiber reinforced composites are composed of fibers
and a matrix. Fibers are the reinforcing elements and the main
source of strength while matrix glues all the fibers together in
shape and transfers stresses between the reinforcing fibers
S.NO CODE FIBER
1 AIO Alumina
2 Ar Aramid
3 B Boron
4 C Carbon
5 GI Glass
6 DGI D-Glass
7 EGI E-Glass
8 GR Graphite
9 Li Lithium

PARTICLE REINFORCED POLYMER (PRP)
Particles which are used for reinforcing include ceramics and
glasses such as small mineral particles, metal particles such as
aluminum and amorphous materials, including polymers and carbon
black. Particles are used to enhance the modulus and to decrease the
ductility of the matrix.
STRUCTURAL POLYMER COMPOSITES (SPC)
These are laminar composites which are composed of layers of
materials held together by matrix. This category also includes sandwich
structures. The most important advantages of using polymers are the
ease of processing, productivity and cost reduction. The properties of
polymers are modified using fillers and fibers to suit the high strength
and high modulus requirements.

CLASSIFICATION OF POLYMER COMPOSITES

Comparison graph between metals
and composites

COMPARISON OF RESIN PROPERTIES
The choice of a resin system for use in any component
depends on a number of its characteristics, with the following
probably being the most important for most composite
structures:
 Adhesive Properties
It has been already discussed how the adhesive
properties of the resign system are important in realising the full
mechanical properties of a composite.
 Mechanical Properties
Two important mechanical properties of any resin system
are tensile strength and stiffness
 Degradation from water Ingress
An important property of any resin, particularly in a
marine environment is its ability to withstand degradation from
water ingress

MATERIALS
MATIX (RESINS) RENFORCEMENT (FIBERS)
POLYESTER RESINS GLASS
VINYLESTER RESINS ARAMID
EPOXY RESINS CARBON
NOTE:
IN THIS WE ARE USING ONLY POLYMER MATRIX (RESIN FORMAT) &
RENFORCEMENT (FIBERS) .

HAND LAY-UP METHOD
Figure : Hand Lay-up
DESCRIPTION
Resins are impregnated by hand into fibers which are in the
form of woven, knitted, stitched or bonded fabrics. This is usually
accomplished by rollers or brushes, with an increasing use of nip-roller
type impregnators for forcing resin into the fabrics by means of
rotating rollers and a bath of resin. Laminates are left to cure under
standard atmospheric conditions.
MATERIALS OPTIONS
Resins: Any, e.g. epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester, phenolic.
Fibers: Any, although heavy aramid fabrics can be hard to wet-out by
hand.
Cores: Any.

ADVANTAGES
i) Widely used for many years.
ii) Simple principles to teach.
iii) Low cost tooling, if room-temperature cure resins are used.
iv) Wide choice of suppliers and material types.
v) Higher fiber contents, and longer fibers than with spray lay-up.
DISADVANTAGES
i) Resin mixing, laminate resin contents, and laminate quality are
very dependent on the skills of laminators. Low resin content
laminates cannot usually be achieved without the incorporation of
excessive quantities of voids.
ii) Health and safety considerations of resins. The lower molecular
weights of hand lay-up resins generally mean that they have the
potential to be more harmful than higher molecular weight products.
The lower viscosity of the resins also means that they have an
increased tendency to penetrate clothing etc

LAMINATE MATERIALS AND
METHODS
 REINFORCEMENT - Glass Fiber Reinforcement Plastic (bi-
directional type) E-glass.
 MATRIX- Epoxy.
 Correct ratio of resin and hardener is 10:1
 Resin : LY556 HardenerHY951
 METHOD – Hand lay-up
GFRP LAMINATE

GFRP-Al LAMINATE
 REINFORCEMENT –
1.Glass Fiber Reinforcement Plastic (bi-directional
type) E-glass.
2. Aluminum Alloy
 MATRIX- Epoxy.
 Correct ratio of resin and hardener is 10:1
 Resin: LY556 Hardener: HY951
 METHOD – Hand lay-up

SOFTWARES USED
CATIA
CATIA name is an abbreviation for Computer Aided Three-
dimensional Interactive Application. The French Dassault Systems is
the parent company and IBM participates in the software’s and
marketing, and catia is invades broad industrial sectors, and has
been explained in the previous post position of CATIA between 3d
modeling software programs.
ANSYS
The ANSYS program is self contained general purpose finite
element program developed and maintained by Swason Analysis
Systems Inc. The program contain many routines, all inter related,
and all for main purpose of achieving a solution to an an engineering
problem by finite element method.

GFRP
DIRECTIONAL DEFORMATION(X AXIS)
DIRECTIONAL DEFORMATION(Y AXIS)
DIRECTIONAL DEFORMATION(Z AXIS)

ELASTIC STRAIN INTENSITY
EQUIVALENT ELASTIC STRAIN
EQUIVALENT(VON-MISES) STRESS

NORMAL STRESS
PRESSURE
SHEAR ELASTIC STRAIN (XY PLAN)

SHEAR STRESS
STRESS INTENSITY
TOTAL DEFORMATION

GFRP WITH ALUMINIUM
DIRECTIONAL DEFORMATION X PLAN
DIRECTIONAL DEFORMATION Y PLAN
DIRECTIONAL DEFORMATION Z PLAN

ELASIC STRAIN INTESITY
EQIVALANT (VON-MISES)STRESS
EQIVALANT ELASTIC STARIN

NORMAL ELASTIC INTENSITY X PLANE
NORMAL STERSS
SHEAR ELASTIC STRAIN

Experimental Setup
Step 1: Mixing all ingredients Step 2: Apply wax on
polythene sheet

Step 3: Composite paste is
Appling on polythene sheet
Step 4: Placing Glass fiber
sheet

Step 5: Again applying
Composite paste on Glass
fiber sheet
Step 6: Similarly Placing the
Glass fiber sheets

Step 7: At end place the
polythene sheet
Step 8: Hand layup method
is used

Step 9: After 48 hours the
specimen is formed

PROPOSED TEST TO CONDUCT
 TENSILE TEST
 COMPRESSION TEST
 IMPACT TEST

TENSILE TEST
Tensile load applied to a
composite. The response of a
composite to tensile loads is very
dependent on the tensile stiffness
and strength properties of the
reinforcement fibers, since these
are far higher than the resin
system on its own.
Test was carried out with the help
of UTM (Universal Testing
Machine)

COMPRESSION TEST
When a beam having an
arbitrary cross section is subjected to
a transverse loads the beam will
bend. In addition to bending the
other effects such as twisting and
buckling may occur, and to
investigate a problem that includes
all the combined effects of bending,
twisting and buckling could become a
complicated one. Thus we are
interested to investigate the bending
effects alone, in order to do so, we
have to put certain constraints on the
geometry of the beam and the
manner of loading.

IMPACT TEST
Static tension tests of
the un notched specimen's
do not always reveal the
susceptibility of metal to
brittle fracture. This
important factor is
determined in impact tests.
In impact tests we use the
notched specimen's

CONCLUSION
From the obtained numerical and experimental result it was
found that the well laminated GFRP reinforced with metal powder
like aluminum fabricated spoiler having more strength also lesser
weight when compared to that of existing materials like steel and
plastic.
Finally it was conclude that glass with aluminum reinforced
composite material based spoiler material suitable for automotive
application such as car spoiler and etc. Also found that for spoiler
application the FML (Fiber Metal Laminate) materials is most suitable
and its having large displacement.

Future Scope:
Composite materials are used for
domestic purpose like furniture,
window, door, mating, civil construction
etc. In the marine, chemical industries,
sports, we can use composite material for
better performance of the parts. With the
help of review, we conclude that
composite materials have wide
advantages & application in various
industries; we can make better life style
with the help of composite material.

REFERANCE
[1] H.S.Park,X.P.Dang, A.Roderburg, “Development of Plastic Front
Panels Of Green Cars” CIRPJournal of Manufacturing &
Technologyvol 26 Pages 35-53.
[2] Kuziak.R.Kawalla,R.waengler.s. “Advanced high strength
materials for automotiveindustry A review” Journal of Archives of
Civil & Mechanical engineering .volume 8 issue2, 2008-12-30
,Pages 103-117.
[3] Falai chen, Bert Juttler,“Geometric Modeling & Processing”,
Journal on CAD, volume 42 issue1 pages1-15.
[4] David H. Allen “Structural Analysis, Aerospace” Journal on
Encyclopedia of Physical science and technology 3rd edition 2003.
[5] Japan.s.Daniel.L. and Theodor .k.2005. “Finite Element
Analysis of Beams”, Journal of Impact engg.Vol31, Pages 861-876.,
Pages155-173.
[6] OLBISIolagoke (1997) “Hand book of Thermo Plastics”,
MarcelDekker, New York.
[8] Dominick v. rosato, “Plastics Engineering”, Manufacturing &
Data Hand Book.
[9] Donald v.rosato, “Plastics Engineering”,Manufacturing & Data
Hand Book.

Jagadeesh project ppt

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