jbppt for e waste management ehich is require
- 2. OUTLINE • • • • • • What is E-waste? Current Scenario Causes Toxic Substance in E-waste Types of E-waste Environmental impact of E-waste
- 3. •Electronic waste, ”e-waste” or ”Waste Electrical and Electronic Equpiment” is a waste consisiting of any broken or unwanted electrical or electronic appliance. •E-waste materials may be valuable and recyclable, such as random access memory and reusable laptops. However, hazardous materials, such as cathode ray tube monitors, require special handling in disposal. •Electronic Waste (e-waste) is one of the fastest growing segments of our nation’s waste stream. What is e-waste?
- 4. Current Scenario in India Among Indian states, Maharashtra generates the most e-waste (19% or 3.96 lakh tonnes). Mumbai, the business capital of the country, produces the most e-waste at 96,000 metric tonnes (MT) every year. A chunk of Mumbai’s e-waste can be attributed to banks and corporates located in the city, that periodically dispose off their computer and telecommunication equipment.
- 5. • A mere 5 per cent of India's total e-waste gets recycled due to poor infrastructure, legislation and framework which lead to a waste of diminishing natural resources, irreparable damage of environment and health of the people working in industry. Over 95% of e-waste generated is managed by the unorganized sector and scrap dealers in this market, dismantle the disposed products instead of recycling it. India is expected to have 800 million mobile phone users and 460 million computer users by the year 2020. • •
- 6. E-waste : A Global Challenge • China lead the way, with 7.2 million tons per annum, while the USA (6.3), Japan (2.1), India (2.0) and Germany (1.9) trail behind. • The world produces as much as 50 million tonnes of electronic and electrical waste (e-waste) a year, weighing more than all of the commercial airliners ever made. Only 20% of this is formally recycled. • The e-waste produced annually is worth over $62.5 billion, more than the GDP of most countries. There is 100 times more gold in a tonne of e-waste than in a tonne of gold ore.
- 7. Causes Development : As of now, It is estimated that there are over a billion personal computers in the world. In developed countries these have an average life span of only 2 years. In the United States alone there are over 300 million obsolete computers. Technology : In this modern era technology is growing at lightning fast speed. This technology results in the coming of newer products and appliances. The major contributors are MNC's( Multinational corporations). Population : Population has triggered the above points even more. With increasing population the amount of e waste increases because the old computers bought would be thrown with the introduction of better technology devices.
- 8. Legislation China and Japan have formulated numerous laws for e-waste management, forming a relative complete system. The various legislations enacted by the Government of India are:- • The Hazardous Wastes (Management andHandling) Amendment Rules, 2003; • Guidelines for Environmentally Sound Management of E-waste, 2008; • The e-waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011. Till date, 25 states have passed some type of e-waste related legislation. State laws vary and may include landfill or incineration bans, advanced recycling fees (consumers pay a recycling fee up front), and producer responsibility or take-back programs.
- 9. Toxic Substances Present In E-Waste E – waste contains several different substances and chemicals many of which are toxic and likely to create adverse impact on environment. Classification of e – waste depends upon the extent of presence of Hazardous constituents in it. Constituents of E – waste are: 1. Hazardous Substances – These dangerous substances cause serious pollution and put workers at risk when the products are manufactured or thrown out. Of particular concern is the exposure of children and pregnant women to lead and mercury. These metals are highly toxic and can harm children and developing fetuses even at low levels of exposure. 2. Non Hazardous Substances – These substances cause less pollution and not harmful as compared to Hazardous substances as these substances mainly consist of useful materials.
- 11. Any appliance that runs on electricity has the potential to cause damage to the environment if it is not disposed of in a responsible way. Common items of electrical and electronic waste are: 1. Large household appliances – refrigerators/freezers, washing machines, dishwashers. 2. Small household appliances – toasters, coffee makers, irons, hairdryers. 3. Information technology and telecommunications equipment – computers, mobile phones, laptop, printers, scanners, photocopiers 4. Consumer equipment – televisions, stereo equipment, electric toothbrushes. 5. Lighting equipment – fluorescent lamps. Types Of E-Waste
- 12. 6.Electrical and electronic tools – handheld drills, saws, screwdrivers. 7. Toys, leisure and sports equipment. 8.Medical equipment systems – with the exception of all implanted and infected products. 9. Monitoring and control instruments.
- 13. Consumer Electronic Products Television Computer ,Fax, Printer,etc TYPE OF E- WASTE Aircon, Washing,Mobile Devices,Machine, Refrigerator,etc Industrial Electronic Equipment
- 14. Environmental impact of e-waste The unsafe disposal of e-waste is a growing problem and the environmental effects and human health hazards are very serious. Liquid and atmospheric releases end up in bodies of water, groundwater, soil, and air and therefore in land and sea animals – both domesticated and wild, in crops eaten by both animals and human, and in drinking water.
- 15. Effects on Air •Some waste disposal facilities opt for burning as a means of dealing with electronic waste. •Burning the waste can release dioxins and particulates into the air, which has serious health problems including: •reproductive problems •developmental problems •cancer •immune system damage • These particulates can potentially travel for miles beyond the confines of a disposal facility if not properly regulated.
- 16. Effects on Water •When electronics containing heavy metals such as lead, barium, mercury, lithium (found in mobile phone and computer batteries), etc., are improperly disposed, these heavy metals leach through the soil to reach groundwater channels which eventually run to the surface as streams or small ponds of water. •Local communities often depend on these bodies of water and the groundwater. •Apart from these chemicals resulting in the death of some of the plants and animals that exist in the water, intake of the contaminated water by humans and land animals results in lead poisoning. •Some of these heavy metals are also carcinogenic.
- 17. Effects on Soil • E-waste that ends up in a landfill can leak a number of heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, and lithium. • Some of these metals remain in the soil. • That heavy metal pollution can also pollute the water table in an area. Once that happens, it’s next to impossible to avoid widespread contamination of crops and grazing animals.
- 18. The environmental impact of the processing of different electronic waste components
- 19. Areas affected by e-waste One study done on the impact of hazardous e-waste in India has estimated that over 30,000 computers have become decommissioned each year in Bangalore alone. The high disposal of computers has cultivated more than 1,000 tons of plastics, 300 tons of lead, 0.23 tons of mercury, 43 tons of nickel, and 350 tons of copper in Bangalore. In Bangladesh, at a shipyard in Chittagong, contamination plagued the nearby soil from chemicals that are commonly found in electronic waste. Soil samples contained compounds such as “lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, antimony trioxide, polybrominated flame retardants, selenium, chromium, and cobalt”. In Delhi, discarded gadgets are resulting in massive piles of e-waste, which is contaminating the soil and groundwater. The average copper concentration in top soils of e-waste sites was 30 times more than the permitted limit, whereas that of cadmium was 16 times more than the permitted limit.
- 20. • Different circuits boards and computers are burned in open fires to extract metals . • Plastics are graded by quality and other parts are burned to separate from metals . Ex- Wires are burnt to extract copper from its outer plastic /polymer covering . These crude recycling techniques have resulted in widespread environmental contamination of the surrounding water systems,soils and air.
- 21. Environmental and Health Costs • The poor workers live and work in very bad conditions, contaminated by heavy metals and toxic pollution. •The groundwater in Guiyu is undrinkable. • Eighty two percent of the kids had blood/lead levels of over 100, which is considered unsafe by international health experts. • A separate report by the Shantou Medical University Hospital in November 2003 found a high incidence of skin damage, headaches, vertigo, nausea, chronic gastritis, and gastric and duodenal ulcers, especially among migrants who recycle circuit boards and plastic.
- 22. Think twice before buying whether you really need a new device and return your old equipment to the manufacturer if possible.
- 23. REFERENCES • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_waste • https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/waste/e-waste-day-82-of-india-s-e-waste -is-personal-devices-61880 • https://www.quora.com/What-are-E-waste-causes-and-effects • https://www.thebalancesmb.com/e-waste-and-the-importance-of-electronics-re cycling-2877783 • https://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/campaigns/toxics/problems/e-waste/guiy u/ • http://ewasteproject.blogspot.com/2009/12/guiyus-problem-soil-water-compos ition.html