JDBC Part - 2

Core Java Training
JDBC Contd.

Classification: Restricted
Agenda
• JDBC Continued
• Introduction to Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE)

Java & JEE Training
JDBC – Java Database Connectivity

Introduction
• Data stored in variables and arrays is temporary
• It’s lost when a local variable goes out of scope or when the program
terminates
• For long-term retention of data, computers use files.
• Computers store files on secondary storage devices
• hard disks, optical disks, flash drives and magnetic tapes.
• Data maintained in files is persistent data because it exists beyond the
duration of program execution.

Data Hierarchy

Databases
• There are many ways to organize records in a file. The most common is
called a sequential file, in which records are stored in order by the record-
key field.
• A group of related files is called a database.
• A collection of programs designed to create and manage databases is called
a database management system (DBMS).

JDBC – Java Database Connectivity
• Java JDBC is a Java API to connect and execute query with the database. JDBC
API uses JDBC drivers to connect with the database.
• Before JDBC, ODBC API was the database API to connect and execute query
with the database. But, ODBC API uses ODBC driver which is written in C
language (i.e. platform dependent and unsecured). That is why Java has defined
its own API (JDBC API) that uses JDBC drivers (written in Java language).

JDBC Driver
• JDBC Driver is a software component that enables java application to
interact with the database.

5 Steps to connect to the database in java
1. Register the driver class
2. Creating connection
3. Creating statement
4. Executing queries
5. Closing connection

5 Steps to connect to the database in java
1. Register the driver class
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver")
(throws ClassNotFoundException)
2. Creating connection –
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","password");
"jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe");
(throws SQLException)
3. Creating statement:
Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
4. Executing queries
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");
while(rs.next()){
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2));
}
5. Closing connection
con.close(); // (throws SQLException)

Working with Databases… Instruction.
• In our class, we will work with Oracle 11g XE (Express Edition).
• It is available for download for free from Oracle site:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/database-technologies/express-
edition/downloads/index.html
• Download the zip file, extract it, and run the setup file for installing Oracle database.
• Oracle database will get installed and use default port 1521.
• Then follow instructions here to complete the initial setup.
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17781_01/admin.112/e18585/toc.htm
• We will be working with the HR user/schema in all our examples.
o Unlock HR schema: ALTER USER HR ACCOUNT UNLOCK
o Specify a password for HR: ALTER USER HR IDENTIFIED BY <PASSWORD>

HR USER / SCHEMA
• In Oracle, User and Schema mean the same.

Demo of HR Schema
• Let us look at the Employees and Departments Tables.
• Basic CRUD operations syntax reference for SQL:
http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/CRUD

Ojdbc6.jar
• Copy ojdbc6.jar from
C:oraclexeapporacleproduct11.2.0serverjdbclib
to your JRElibext folder.
• This has the JDBC driver you will need.
• Other way of doing is by adding the path to the jar file to your classpath
oTemporarily: Set classpath in commandline.
oPermanent: Add path of jar file to classpath environment variable.

JDBC Example… Connecting to the database.
import java.sql.*;
class OracleCon{
public static void main(String args[]){
try{
//step1 load the driver class
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
//step2 create the connection object
"jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","oracle");
//step3 create the statement object
//step4 execute query
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");
while(rs.next())
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2)+" "+rs.getString(3));
//step5 close the connection object
con.close();
}catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e);}
}
}

public static Connection getConnection(String url):
is used to establish the connection with the
specified url.
public static Connection getConnection(String
url,String userName,String password):
is used to establish the connection with the
specified url, username and password.
DriverManager class
• The DriverManager class acts as an interface between user and drivers. It
keeps track of the drivers that are available and handles establishing a
connection between a database and the appropriate driver. The
DriverManager class maintains a list of Driver classes that have registered
themselves by calling the method DriverManager.registerDriver().

Connection interface
• A Connection is the session between java application and database. The Connection interface
is a factory of Statement, PreparedStatement, and DatabaseMetaData i.e. object of
Connection can be used to get the object of Statement and DatabaseMetaData.
• The Connection interface provide many methods for transaction management like commit(),
rollback() etc.
• By default, connection commits the changes after executing queries.
• Commonly used methods:
1) public Statement createStatement(): creates a statement object that can be used to
execute SQL queries.
2) public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType,int
resultSetConcurrency): Creates a Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects
with the given type and concurrency.
3) public void setAutoCommit(boolean status): is used to set the commit status.By
default it is true.
4) public void commit(): saves the changes made since the previous commit/rollback
permanent.
5) public void rollback(): Drops all changes made since the previous commit/rollback.
6) public void close(): closes the connection and Releases a JDBC resources immediately.

Statement interface
The Statement interface provides methods to execute queries with the
database. The statement interface is a factory of ResultSet i.e. it provides
factory method to get the object of ResultSet.
1) public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql): is used to execute SELECT query. It
returns the object of ResultSet.
2) public int executeUpdate(String sql): is used to execute specified query, it may
be create, drop, insert, update, delete etc.
3) public boolean execute(String sql): is used to execute queries that may return
multiple results.
4) public int[] executeBatch(): is used to execute batch of commands.

Example: Insert, Update and Delete using Statement.
import java.sql.*;
class FetchRecord{
public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
Connection
con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","syste
m","oracle");
//stmt.executeUpdate("insert into emp765 values(33,'Irfan',50000)");
//int result=stmt.executeUpdate("update emp765 set name='Vimal',salary=10000
where id=33");
int result=stmt.executeUpdate("delete from emp765 where id=33");
System.out.println(result+" records affected");
con.close();
}}

ResultSet interface
• The object of ResultSet maintains a cursor pointing to a row of a table.
Initially, cursor points to before the first row.
• By default, ResultSet object can be moved forward only and it is not
updatable.
• But we can make this object to move forward and backward direction by
passing either TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE or TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE in
createStatement(int,int) method as well as we can make this object as
updatable by:
Statement stmt = con.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSIT
IVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);

Commonly used methods of ResultSet interface
1) public boolean next(): is used to move the cursor to the one row next
from the current position.
2) public boolean previous(): is used to move the cursor to the one row
previous from the current position.
3) public boolean first(): is used to move the cursor to the first row in
result set object.
4) public boolean last(): is used to move the cursor to the last row in
result set object.
5) public boolean absolute(int row): is used to move the cursor to the specified row
number in the ResultSet object.
6) public boolean relative(int row): is used to move the cursor to the relative row
number in the ResultSet object, it may be
positive or negative.
7) public int getInt(int columnIndex): is used to return the data of specified column
index of the current row as int.
8) public int getInt(String columnName): is used to return the data of specified column
name of the current row as int.
9) public String getString(int columnIndex): is used to return the data of specified column
index of the current row as String.
10) public String getString(String
columnName):
is used to return the data of specified column
name of the current row as String.

Example of Scrollable ResultSet (retrieve data of 3rd row)
import java.sql.*;
class FetchRecord{
Connection
con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","oracle");
Statement
stmt=con.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp765");
//getting the record of 3rd row
rs.absolute(3);
System.out.println(rs.getString(1)+" "+rs.getString(2)+" "+rs.getString(3));
con.close();
}}

PreparedStatement interface
• The PreparedStatement interface is a subinterface of Statement. It is used to execute
parameterized query.
e.g. String sql="insert into emp values(?,?,?)";
• Protects against SQLInjection attacks.
Method Description
public void setInt(int paramIndex, int
value)
sets the integer value to the given
parameter index.
public void setString(int paramIndex,
String value)
sets the String value to the given
parameter index.
public void setFloat(int paramIndex, float
value)
sets the float value to the given parameter
index.
public void setDouble(int paramIndex,
double value)
sets the double value to the given
parameter index.
public int executeUpdate() executes the query. It is used for create,
drop, insert, update, delete etc.
public ResultSet executeQuery() executes the select query. It returns an
instance of ResultSet.

Example of PreparedStatement interface that inserts the record
• create table emp(id number(10),name varchar2(50));
import java.sql.*;
class InsertPrepared{
try{
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","oracle");
PreparedStatement stmt=con.prepareStatement("insert into Emp values(?,?)");
stmt.setInt(1,101);//1 specifies the first parameter in the query
stmt.setString(2,"Ratan");
int i=stmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println(i+" records inserted");
con.close();
}
}

Example of PreparedStatement interface that updates the record
PreparedStatement stmt=con.prepareStatement("update emp set name=?
where id=?");
stmt.setString(1,”Pawan”);//the first parameter in the query (name)
stmt.setInt(2,101);
System.out.println(i+" records updated");

Example of PreparedStatement interface that deletes the record
PreparedStatement stmt=con.prepareStatement("delete from emp where
id=?");
stmt.setInt(1,101);
System.out.println(i+" records deleted");

Example of PreparedStatement interface that retrieve the records of a table
PreparedStatement stmt=con.prepareStatement("select * from emp");
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery();
while(rs.next()){
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2));
}

ResultSetMetaData Interface
• If you have to get metadata of a table like total number of column, column
name, column type etc. , ResultSetMetaData interface is useful because it
provides methods to get metadata from the ResultSet object.
Method Description
public int getColumnCount()throws
SQLException
it returns the total number of columns in
the ResultSet object.
public String getColumnName(int
index)throws SQLException
it returns the column name of the specified
column index.
public String getColumnTypeName(int
it returns the column type name for the
specified index.
public String getTableName(int
it returns the table name for the specified
column index.

ResultSetMetaData example
import java.sql.*;
class Rsmd{
try{
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement("select * from emp");
ResultSet rs=ps.executeQuery();
ResultSetMetaData rsmd=rs.getMetaData();
System.out.println("Total columns: "+rsmd.getColumnCount());
System.out.println("Column Name of 1st column: "+rsmd.getColumnName(1));
System.out.println("Column Type Name of 1st column: "+rsmd.getColumnTypeName(1));
con.close();
}
}

DatabaseMetaData interface
• DatabaseMetaData interface provides methods to get meta data of a database such as
database product name, database product version, driver name, name of total number of
tables, name of total number of views etc.
• Commonly used methods:
o public String getDriverName()throws SQLException: it returns the name of the JDBC
driver.
o public String getDriverVersion()throws SQLException: it returns the version number of
the JDBC driver.
o public String getUserName()throws SQLException: it returns the username of the
database.
o public String getDatabaseProductName()throws SQLException: it returns the product
name of the database.
o public String getDatabaseProductVersion()throws SQLException: it returns the product
version of the database.
o public ResultSet getTables(String catalog, String schemaPattern, String
tableNamePattern, String[] types)throws SQLException: it returns the description of the
tables of the specified catalog. The table type can be TABLE, VIEW, ALIAS, SYSTEM TABLE,
SYNONYM etc.

Example of DatabaseMetaData interface
import java.sql.*;
class Dbmd{
try{
DatabaseMetaData dbmd=con.getMetaData();
System.out.println("Driver Name: "+dbmd.getDriverName());
System.out.println("Driver Version: "+dbmd.getDriverVersion());
System.out.println("UserName: "+dbmd.getUserName());
System.out.println("Database Product Name: "+dbmd.getDatabaseProductName());
System.out.println("Database Product Version: "+dbmd.getDatabaseProductVersion());
con.close();
}
}

DatabaseMetaData interface that prints all table names
import java.sql.*;
class Dbmd2{
try{
String table[]={"TABLE"};
ResultSet rs=dbmd.getTables(null,null,null,table);
while(rs.next()){
System.out.println(rs.getString(3));
}
con.close();
}
}

DatabaseMetaData interface that prints total number of views
import java.sql.*;
class Dbmd3{
try{
String table[]={"VIEW"};
ResultSet rs=dbmd.getTables(null,null,null,table);
while(rs.next()){
System.out.println(rs.getString(3));
}
con.close();
}
}

Example of storing image into Database
CREATE TABLE "IMGTABLE"
( "NAME" VARCHAR2(4000),
"PHOTO" BLOB
)
import java.sql.*;
import java.io.*;
public class InsertImage {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement("insert into imgtable values(?,?)");
ps.setString(1,“Pawan");
FileInputStream fin=new FileInputStream("d:g.jpg");
ps.setBinaryStream(2,fin,fin.available());
int i=ps.executeUpdate();
System.out.println(i+" records affected");
con.close();
}catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
}
}

Retrieving image from Oracle database
import java.sql.*;
import java.io.*;
public class RetrieveImage {
try{
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement("select * from imgtable");
if(rs.next()){//now on 1st row
Blob b=rs.getBlob(2);//2 means 2nd column data
byte barr[]=b.getBytes(1,(int)b.length());//1 means first image
FileOutputStream fout=new FileOutputStream("d:sonoo.jpg");
fout.write(barr);
fout.close();
}//end of if
System.out.println("ok");
con.close();
}catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace(); }
}
}

Storing file in a database
import java.io.*;
import java.sql.*;
public class StoreFile {
try{
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(
"insert into filetable values(?,?)");
File f=new File("d:myfile.txt");
FileReader fr=new FileReader(f);
ps.setInt(1,101);
ps.setCharacterStream(2,fr,(int)f.length());
int i=ps.executeUpdate();
System.out.println(i+" records affected");
con.close();
}catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
}
}

Retrieve file from database
import java.io.*;
import java.sql.*;
public class RetrieveFile {
try{
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement("select * from filetable");
rs.next();//now on 1st row
Clob c=rs.getClob(2);
Reader r=c.getCharacterStream();
FileWriter fw=new FileWriter("d:retrivefile.txt");
int i;
while((i=r.read())!=-1)
fw.write((char)i);
fw.close();
con.close();
System.out.println("success");
}catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace(); }
}
}

CallableStatement Interface
• CallableStatement interface is used to call the stored procedures and
functions.
• We can have business logic on the database by the use of stored
procedures and functions that will make the performance better because
these are precompiled.
• Suppose you need the get the age of the employee based on the date of
birth, you may create a function that receives date as the input and returns
age of the employee as the output.

How to get the instance of CallableStatement?
CallableStatement stmt=con.prepareCall("{call myprocedure(?,?)}");

Stored Procedure example
create table myuser(id number(10), name varchar2(200));
create or replace procedure "INSERTR"
(id IN NUMBER, name IN VARCHAR2)
is
begin
insert into myuser values(id,name);
end;

Calling procedure from JDBC Example
import java.sql.*;
public class Proc {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
CallableStatement stmt=con.prepareCall("{call insertR(?,?)}");
stmt.setInt(1,1011);
stmt.setString(2,"Amit");
stmt.execute();
System.out.println("success");
}
}

Function example…
create or replace function sum4
(n1 in number,n2 in number)
return number
is
temp number(8);
begin
temp :=n1+n2;
return temp;
end;

Calling function from JDBC Example
import java.sql.*;
public class FuncSum {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
CallableStatement stmt=con.prepareCall("{?= call sum4(?,?)}");
stmt.setInt(2,10);
stmt.setInt(3,43);
stmt.registerOutParameter(1,Types.INTEGER);
stmt.execute();
System.out.println(stmt.getInt(1));
}
}
Types class defines many constants such as INTEGER, VARCHAR, FLOAT, DOUBLE, BLOB, CLOB etc.

Transaction Management in JDBC
• Transaction represents a single unit of work.
• ACID properties:
1. Atomicity means either all successful or none.
2. Consistency ensures bringing the database from one consistent state
to another consistent state.
3. Isolation ensures that transaction is isolated from other transaction.
4. Durability means once a transaction has been committed, it will
remain so, even in the event of errors, power loss etc.

Commit and rollback

Transaction management using JDBC
Method Description
void setAutoCommit(boolean
status)
It is true by default means each
transaction is committed by
default.
void commit() commits the transaction.
void rollback() cancels the transaction.
In JDBC, Connection interface provides methods to manage transaction.

Example of transaction management
import java.sql.*;
class FetchRecords{
Connection
con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","syste
m","oracle");
con.setAutoCommit(false);
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into user420 values(190,'abhi',40000)");
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into user420 values(191,'umesh',50000)");
con.commit();
con.close();
}}

Batch Processing in JDBC
•Instead of executing a single query, we can execute a batch
(group) of queries. It makes the performance fast.
•The java.sql.Statement and java.sql.PreparedStatement
interfaces provide methods for batch processing.
Method Description
void addBatch(String query) It adds query into batch.
int[] executeBatch() It executes the batch of queries.

Batch Processing example using Statement
import java.sql.*;
class FetchRecords{
Connection
con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","oracle"
);
con.setAutoCommit(false);
stmt.addBatch("insert into myuser values(190,'abhi',40000)");
stmt.addBatch("insert into myuser values(191,'umesh',50000)");
stmt.executeBatch();//executing the batch
con.commit();
con.close();
}}

Exercise
Write a batch processing program using PreparedStatement to update
multiple values entered by the user.

JDBC RowSet (Introduced in JDK 5)
• Wrapper of ResultSet.
• Easy and flexible to use
• It is Scrollable and Updatable by default

RowSet example
public class RowSetExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//Creating and Executing RowSet
JdbcRowSet rowSet = RowSetProvider.newFactory().createJdbcRowSet();
rowSet.setUrl("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe");
rowSet.setUsername("system");
rowSet.setPassword("oracle");
rowSet.setCommand("select * from emp400");
rowSet.execute();
while (rowSet.next()) {
// Generating cursor Moved event
System.out.println("Id: " + rowSet.getString(1));
System.out.println("Name: " + rowSet.getString(2));
System.out.println("Salary: " + rowSet.getString(3));
}
}
}

Re-look at the Java Major Editions

Application Servers
• In the beginning, there was darkness and cold. Then, …
Centralized, non-distributed

Application Servers
• In the 90’s, systems should be client-server

Application Servers
• Today, enterprise applications use the multi-tier model

Application Servers
• “Multi-tier applications” have several independent components
• An application server provides the infrastructure and services to run such
applications

Application Servers
• Application server products can be separated into 3 categories:
• JEE-based solutions
• Non-JEE solutions (PHP, ColdFusion, Perl, etc.)
• And the Microsoft solution (ASP/COM and now .NET with ASP.NET,
VB.NET, C#, etc.)

J2EE Application Servers
• Major J2EE products:
• BEA WebLogic
• IBM WebSphere
• Sun iPlanet Application Server
• Oracle 9iAS
• HP/Bluestone Total-e-Server
• Borland AppServer
• JBoss (free open source)

Web Server and Application Server

What is JEE?
• It is a public specification that embodies several technologies
• Current version is JEE 6
• J2EE defines a model for developing multi-tier, web based, enterprise
applications with distributed components
• Benefits:
oHigh availability
oScalability
oIntegration with existing systems
oFreedom to choose vendors of application servers, tools, components
oMulti-platform

Main technologies
• JavaServer Pages (JSP)
• Servlet
• Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB)
• Java Server Faces (JSF) – Not covered in this course.

Enterprise Java – Multi-tier architecture

JSP
• Used for web pages with dynamic content
• Processes HTTP requests (non-blocking call-and-return)
• Accepts HTML tags, special JSP tags, and scriptlets of Java code
• Separates static content from presentation logic
• Can be created by web designer using HTML tools

Servlet
• Used for web pages with dynamic content
• Processes HTTP requests (non-blocking call-and-return)
• Written in Java; uses print statements to render HTML
• Loaded into memory once and then called many times
• Provides APIs for session management

EJB
• EJBs are distributed components used to implement business logic (no UI)
• Developer concentrates on business logic
• Availability, scalability, security, interoperability and integrability handled by
the J2EE server
• Client of EJBs can be JSPs, servlets, other EJBs and external aplications
• Clients see interfaces

Thank you!

JDBC Part - 2

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JDBC Part - 2