Jean watson theory
- 1. JEAN WATSON THEORY OF CARING PREPARED BY – SAPNA THAKUR MSC NURSING 1ST
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- 3. INTRODUCTION • Born: West Virginia in 1940 July 21 st. • Educated: BSN (1964), MS (1966), PhD (1973) from University of Colorado
- 4. • Dr. Watson has earned undergraduate and graduate degrees in nursing and psychiatric- mental health nursing and PhD in educational psychology and counseling.
- 5. CREATING THE THEORY (WHY) Plan was to bring new meaning and dignity to nursing Used concepts from personal and professional experience Inducted, grounded, and combined with philosophy, ethical, intellectual, and experimental background.
- 6. CREATING THE THEORY (HOW) • “Dr. Watson drew parts of her theory from nursing writers like Florence Nightingale as well as from works of psychologists and philosophers.” • “Her theory is one based on the human interactive process that recognizes the spiritual and ethical dimensions relevant to the human care process.”
- 7. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF THE THEORY Watson proposes even assumption of about the science of caring these are: Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced only interpersonally. Caring consists of curative factors that results in the satisfaction of certain human needs. Effective caring promotes health and individual or family growth. Caring responses accept person not only as he or she is now but as what he or she may become.
- 8. A caring environment is one that offers the development of potential while allowing the person to chose the best action for himself at a given point in time. Caring is more “health-ogenic” than is curing. A science of caring is complementary to the science if curing. The practice of caring is central to nursing.
- 9. MAJOR CONCEPTUAL ELEMENTS • The ten carative factors (Greek word “caritas” means to cherish & appreciate, giving special attention to, loving factors) • Transpersonal caring relationship • Caring occasion • Caring and healing model of theory
- 10. ten curative factors Transpersonal caring relationship Caring occasion Caring and healing model of theory Conceptual elements
- 11. (i) 10 CARATIVE FACTORS 1 .Formation of a humanistic–altruistic system of values 2. Instillation of faith–hope 3. Cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others 4. Development of a helping–trusting, human caring relationship 5.Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings
- 12. 6. Systematic use of a creative problem solving caring process 7. Promotion of transpersonal teaching– learning 8. Provision for a supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, & spiritual environment 9. Assistance with gratification of human needs 10. Allowance for existential–phenomenological–spiritual forces
- 13. (ii)THE TRANSPERSONAL CARING RELATIONSHIP • This portion of the theory focuses on “the one caring and the one cared for.” The nurse and patient can develop a deep divine relationship that blends together and promotes overall health and well- being. • This process requires the use of “Actions, words, behaviours, cognition, body language, feelings, intuition, thought, senses, and the energy field”
- 14. • The nurse has a professional as well as a personal obligation to not only see the patient as more than an object but to also protect and assist with improving the patient’s dignity. • The nurse and the patient are transformed together in this relationship •The nurse should be using her professional experience to promote healing and bonding with the patient.This may include the use of various communication techniques, both verbal and non-verbal to achieve a healing and gentle relationship.
- 15. (iii) THE CARING OCCASION/CARING MOMENT • This can occur during various nursing interventions and interactions with each patient. •This portion of the theory focuses on an actual tangible moment in time in which the nurse recognizes the connection that is developed between him/herself and the patient. This moment dictates the ability for the nurse to have an overall impact on the patient
- 16. • According to Cara, The Caring Moment “Consists of feelings, bodily sensations, thoughts, spiritual beliefs, goals, expectations, environmental considerations, and meanings of one’s perceptions—all of which are based upon one’s past life history, one’s present moment, and one’s imagined future.
- 17. (iv) CARING & HEALING MODEL OF THEORY • The nurse is able to help the patient with overall well- being by assisting them with the release of “disharmony and blocked energy” • The use of this portion of the theory helps the patient with overall healing and renewal. • Nurses can impact the patient through “health promotion, health restoration, and illness prevention”
- 18. WATSON’S THEORY AND THE FOUR MAJOR CONCEPTS PERSON HEALTH ENVIRON MENT / SOCIETY NURSING FOUR MAJOR CONCEPTS
- 19. (a) person • She adopts a view of the human being as: “….. a valued person in and of him or herself to be cared for, respected, nurtured, understood and assisted • in general a philosophical view of a person as a fully functional integrated self. • the, human is viewed as greater than and different from, the sum of his or her parts”.
- 20. (b) health • Watson believes that there are other factors that are needed to be included in the WHO definition of health. She adds the following three elements: • A high level of overall physical, mental and social functioning • A general adaptive-maintenance level of daily functioning • The absence of illness (or the presence of efforts that leads its absence)
- 21. (c) Environment or society • According to Watson caring (and nursing) has existed in every society. • A caring attitude is not transmitted from generation to generation. • It is transmitted by the culture of the profession as a unique way of coping with its environment
- 22. (d) nursing 1.According to Watson “nursing is concerned with promoting health, preventing illness, caring for the sick and restoring health”. 1. It focuses on health promotion and treatment of disease. She believes that holistic health care is central to the practice of caring in nursing. She defines nursing as….. “A human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, aesthetic and ethical human transactions”. “May be this one moment, with this one person, is the very reason we’re here on Earth at this time”s
- 23. WATSON’S THEORY AND NURSING PROCESS Assessment plan intervention evaluation Nursing process
- 24. (a) assessment • Involves observation, identification and review of the problem; use of applicable knowledge in literature. • Also includes conceptual knowledge for the formulation and conceptualization of framework. • Includes the formulation of hypothesis; defining variables that will be examined in solving the problem.
- 25. (b) plan • It helps to determine how variables would be examined or measured; includes a conceptual approach or design for problem solving. • It determines what data would be collected and how on whom.
- 26. (c) intervention •It is the direct action and implementation of the plan. • It includes the collection of the data.
- 27. (d) evaluation Analysis of the data as well as the examination of the effects of interventions based on the data. Includes the interpretation of the results, the degree to which positive outcome has occurred and whether the result can be generalized. It may also generate additional hypothesis or may even lead to the generation of a nursing theory.
- 28. HOW NURSES RELATE TO THE THEORY • Embrace altruistic values and Practice loving kindness with self and others. • Instill faith and hope and honor others. • Be sensitive to self and others by nurturing individual beliefs and practices. • Develop helping – trusting- caring relationships • Promote and accept positive and negative feelings as you authentically listen to another’s story
- 29. • Use creative scientific problem-solving methods for caring decision making. • Share teaching and learning that addresses the individual needs and comprehension styles. •Create a healing environment for the physical and spiritual self which respects human dignity. •Assist with basic physical, emotional, and spiritual human needs. •Open to mystery and Allow miracles to enter.
- 30. STRENGTHS • Besides assisting in providing the quality of care that client ought to receive, it also provides the soul satisfying care for which many nurses enter the profession. •The client is placed in the context of the family, the community and the culture. • It places the client as the focus of practice rather than the technology.
- 31. LIMITATIONS • Given the acuity of illness that leads to hospitalization, the short length stay, and the increasing complex technology, such quality of care may be deemed impossible to give in the hospital. • While Watson acknowledges the need for biophysical base to nursing, this area receives little attention in her writings. • The 10 carative factors primarily delineate the psychosocial needs of the person. • While the carative factors have a sound foundation based on other disciplines , they need further research in nursing to demonstrate their application to practice.
- 32. CONCLUSION • Watson provides many usefull concepts for the practice of nursing. • She ties together many theories commonly used in nursing education and does so in a manner to help practitioner. • The detailed discriptions of the carative factors can give guidance to those who wish to employ them in practice or research . • Using her theory can add dimensions to practice that is both satisfying and challenging .