Extreme Programming practices for your team

Paweł Lipiński
Extreme Programming practices
for your team

whoami
• ~15 years as a developer, ~11 years in Java
• programming, consulting, training,
auditing, architecturing, coaching,
team leading
• Formal & agile methods
• currently: developer, coach, ceo @

Nokia Test
• iterations timeboxed and < 4 weeks
• newly created features tested and working at
the end of each iteration
• iteration must start before its speciﬁcation is
complete
That’s not agile yet, we’re only talking
about being iterative here.

Nokia Test - SCRUM
• you know who the PO is
• there is a Product Backlog prioritised by business
value
• the Product Backlog has estimates created by the
Team
• the Team maintains burndown charts and knows
their velocity
• there are no PMs disrupting the work of the Team

Once upon a time...
1970. Royce, Winston (1970), "Managing the Development of Large Software Systems",
Proceedings of IEEE WESCON 26 (August): 1–9.

He was the ﬁrst who described the Waterfall model for software development,
although Royce did not use the term "waterfall" in that article,
nor advocated the waterfall model as a working methodology.
Royce in fact said that it was "risky and invites failure" and went on to
describe Incremental development. DOD-STD-2167 coined the term Waterfall
to refer to the diagram on page 2 of Dr. Royce's paper.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_W._Royce

1970. Royce, Winston (1970), "Managing the Development of Large Software Systems",
Proceedings of IEEE WESCON 26 (August): 1–9.

Cost of change
grows exponentially with time
0
250
500
750
1000
Reqs Analysis Design Coding Testing Prod
Barry Boehm
Ideas are cheaper to change than code.
Bugs found early are cheaper to ﬁx.

Does cost of change really
grow exponentially with time?
0
5
10
15
20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Postponing decisions and
reducing feedback cycles ﬂattens the curve.

The „S” word
Well-deﬁned process
Certiﬁcation
Books
Conferences
Coaching
SCRUM = Agile
Long iterations

XP is a discipline
of software development

There are certain things
you must do...
You must write tests before code.
You must program in pairs.
You must integrate frequently.
You must be rested.
You must communicate with the customer daily.
You must follow the customer’s priorities.
You must leave the software clean and simple
by the end of the day.
You must adapt the process and practices
to your environment.

If something is hard, let’s do it more often.
Why is it called Extreme?
If something is good, let’s do it more often.

Beck, K. (1999). Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-321-27865-4.

Ariane 5 ﬂight 501
10 years of work
5.000.000.000 €€
http://www.dutchspace.nl/uploadedImages/Products_and_Services/Launchers/Ariane%205%20Launch%20512%20-%20ESA.JPG

http://www.capcomespace.net/dossiers/espace_europeen/ariane/ariane5/AR501/V88%20explosion%2003.jpg

Extreme Programming practices for your team

TDD
A technique of software development
based on repeating a short cycle:
Red
Green
Refactor

make the test pass
improve the design and code readability
write new, unpassing test
TDD
A technique of software development
based on repeating a short cycle:

Acceptable quality
0
25
50
75
100
0 1 2 3 4 5
0
25
50
75
100
0 1 2 3 4 5
Traditional development
Agile

http://ﬂagstaffclimbing.com/wp-content/themes/climbing/images/ﬂag-climbing-bg.jpg

Deﬁne behaviour
Specify contract
Clock clock = new Clock();
clock.set(6, 15);
wait(5).minutes();
assertClockAt(6, 20);

Red
• thinking - which way to choose?
• designing
clock.set(6, 15);
wait(5).minutes();
• code quality
• testability
• test quality

Red ➔ Green
How to achieve the behaviour?
clock.set(6, 15);
wait(5).minutes();
class Clock {
...
}
class Clock {
...
}
class Clock {
...
}

Red ➔ Green
programming
• is the new code working?
• didn’t I break any other piece of
code?
• did I choose the right test size?
(coding time)

Refactor
How should the code look
like?
clock.set(6, 15);
wait(5).minutes();

• design quality (how easy it is to refactor)
• tests’ quality (how safe is it to refactor)
Refactor
• designing
• refactoring

How to start doing it?
JUnit junitparams arquilian
hamcrest mockito jMock
fest-assert runners TestNG
catch-exception sureﬁre PowerMock
MINDSET

How to start doing it?
Just do it.

Ok, but... how to make it stick?
Do it with the whole team.
Get a coach to spend time with your
team, on your code.
Learn it in pairs
Try kata trainings - it will build a
habit of test-driving in your head.
Peer-review
your test code

Refactoring
Any fool can write code that a computer can understand.
Good programmers write code that humans can understand.
Martin Fowler

public int[] returnPoints (Theme usersTheme) {
int[] points = new int[10];
if (year != 0 && year >= usersTheme.year - 15 && year <= usersTheme.year + 15) {
if (year >= usersTheme.year - 10 && year <= usersTheme.year + 10) {
points[0] = 4;
} else
points[0] = 3;
} else
points[0] = 2;
} else
points[0] = 1;
}
if (composer == usersTheme.composer) {
points[1] = 8;
}
if (category != 2) {
if (_11 != 0 && _11 == usersTheme._11)
points[4] = 4;
if (_12 != 0 && _12 == usersTheme._12)
points[5] = 3;
if (_13 != 0 && _13 == usersTheme._13)
points[6] = 2;
if (_15 != 0 && _15 == usersTheme._15)
points[8] = 2;
if (_16 != 0 && _16 == usersTheme._16)
points[9] = 4;
if (category == 1) {
if (((_9 == 1 || _9 == 3) && _9 == usersTheme._9) || ((_9 == 2 || _9 == 4) && _9 == usersTheme._9 && _10 == usersTheme._10))
points[2] = 6;
} else {
if (_9 == usersTheme._9 && _10 == usersTheme._10)
points[2] = 6;
}
} else {
if (_9 != 0 && _9 == usersTheme._9)
points[2] = 6;
if (_10 != 0 && _10 == usersTheme._10)
points[3] = 3;
if (Application.getConfiguration().getQuestions() == Configuration.QUESTIONS_FULL_SET) {
if ((_11 != 0 && _11 == usersTheme._11 && _13 != 0 && _13 == usersTheme._13)
|| (_11 != 0 && _11 == usersTheme._12 && _13 != 0 && _13 == usersTheme._14))
points[4] = 4;
if ((_12 != 0 && _12 == usersTheme._12 && _14 != 0 && _14 == usersTheme._14)
|| (_12 != 0 && _12 == usersTheme._11 && _14 != 0 && _14 == usersTheme._13))
points[6] = 4;
} else {
if (_13 != 0 && (_13 == usersTheme._13 || _13 == usersTheme._14))
points[4] = 4;
if (_14 != 0 && (_14 == usersTheme._14 || _14 == usersTheme._13))
points[6] = 4;
}
if (_15 != 0 && _15 == usersTheme._15)
points[8] = 4;
if (_16 != 0 && _16 == usersTheme._16)
points[9] = 2;
}
return points;
}
// https://code.google.com/p/gag/
@LOL @Facepalm
@WTF("who’s gonna refactor this one?")

Refactoring
• no change in code semantics
• improves readability
• improves ﬂexibility
• improves performance

Ok, but how to start doing it?
Have automated tests!
Learn a bit about OOD...
Baby steps - as a part of
your TDD cycle at best.
Design Patterns
S.O.L.I.D.
Check what your IDE
can do automatically ...and master it :-)

And how to make it stick?
Become an OO master
Master your IDE
Big refactorings only when
absolutely needed.
Don’t do it just for art’s sake.
Force yourself to think what to refactor
in every TDD cycle.

Pair programming
http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2011/10/25/1319565246130/Russian-President-Dmitry--007.jpg

The biggest challenge for me personally was essentially mourning for
the death of “Programmer Man”.
http://www.nomachetejuggling.com/2009/02/21/i-love-pair-programming/
Programmer Man is how I think of myself when I’ve got my
headphones in, speed metal blaring in my ears, and I’m coding like a
motherfucker. My ﬁngers can’t keep up with my brain. I’m In The
Zone.
For most of my career, this image is what I’ve considered to be the
zenith. When I come home and was in Programmer Man Mode most of
the day, I feel like I’ve had a good day.
Pair Programming undeniably killed Programmer Man. This
was a tough adjustment, since I’ve considered that mode to be my
favorite for so long. I now see, however, that Programmer Man was,
without me knowing it, Technical Debt Man.

Don’t be afraid of pair-programming - you’re not as good as
you think, but you’re not as bad as you fear.
Ron Jeffries

Comfortable position
Do harder bits in pairs ﬁrst
Do it the right way - one person codes,
the other gets the bigger picture.
Get a shower.
Switch pairs.

2 mice
2 keyboards
Check which setting ﬁts you best.
Initially everybody MUST pair. Make it
optional once you know it well.
http://www.nomachetejuggling.com/2011/08/25/mechanics-of-good-pairing/

Collective code ownership
Whose bug is it?
Who wrote it?
Hey, whose is that class?
John, would you be so nice...
Sorry, I’ve got other things to do now.
We cannot ﬁx it - Steve’s ill.
WTF??? Who is the owner of...
Mary, you’re
responsible for
it, ain’t ya?

Choose one module to own collectively
Have automated tests!
„Cannot refuse helping” rule. Pair program as
much as you can.
Choose tasks you have little clue about.
Discuss what you’re planning to work on.
Make technical presentations / discussions
Ask for help.

It’s about team culture - discuss it.
Pair program.
Peer-review everything that
hasn’t been pair-programmed.
Initially everybody MUST pair. Make it
optional once you know it well.

Jenkins cruise-control
gump Team Foundation Server
TeamCity Continuum Hudson
Bamboo
Check-in often... clean builds.
Never leave the ofﬁce
if the build is broken.
Time-box ﬁxing build
revert if needed.
You’re responsible if your
build broke something.
Don’t comment out
failing tests...

Sonar
Lots of tests.
Integration tests.
Notiﬁcations which piss you off.
End-to-end tests.
Keep your tests fast.
Fancy info radiator.
Optimize your building process.

Pair Programming
Coding Standards
Continuous IntegrationRefactoring
40-hour week
Collective Code Ownership
TDD
Simple Design
Metaphor

Extreme Programming practices
Fun
Quality
Growth
Efﬁciency
Team
Effectiveness
Motivation
Skills
Diversity
Business-driven

pawel.lipinski@pragmatists.pl
Thank you!

Extreme Programming practices for your team

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