KCB201 Week 8 Slidecast: Produsage
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The document discusses the concept of 'produsage,' which embodies user-led content production and reflects a shift away from traditional production models where defined roles of producers and consumers exist. It highlights the advantages of produsage, such as quicker updates and greater community involvement, along with potential drawbacks like the risk of errors and the need for effective conflict resolution within collaborative environments. Necessary preconditions for successful produsage projects include open participation, communal evaluation, and flexible structures that allow for diverse contributions.
![Produsage KCB201 Virtual Cultures Dr Axel Bruns [email_address]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/kcb201-week-8-slidecast-produsage-1207115498859321-2/85/KCB201-Week-8-Slidecast-Produsage-1-320.jpg)
KCB201 Week 8 Slidecast: Produsage
- 1. Produsage KCB201 Virtual Cultures Dr Axel Bruns [email_address]
- 2. DIY Communities Widespread trend in media practice: social software, social networks Web 2.0 environments new, collaborative forms of content creation across many interests and practices New models in media theory: commons-based peer production (Yochai Benkler) peer-to-peer (p2p) production (Michel Bauwens) participatory, convergence culture (Henry Jenkins) produsage: user -led content prod uction (see Produsage.org: Definition ) (Image: http://flickr.com/photos/stabilo-boss/93136022/)
- 3. Decline of the traditional model of production : producer distributor consumer (producer advised by consumer distributor consumer) (customer-made ideas producer distributor consumer) Decline of the traditional concept of products : no fixed producer / consumer roles – everyone can be a produser collaborative DIY outcomes are always temporary, never finished business for community support companies is in services, not products Beyond Production feedback
- 4. Different production/produsage models: Encyclop æ dia Britannica : (once per year for the print version, more often on the Website) Wikipedia : (daily, hourly, or even more frequently) Britannica vs. Wikipedia in public (as producers) produsers (as users) content content content content author editor behind closed doors
- 5. Benefits of Produsage Advantages over conventional production: faster, more frequent updates fewer delays caused by editing and approval processes improvements can be made and tested immediately greater involvement of community more representative of community interests diverse communities more likely to find problems and identify further improvements outcomes available to all shared development usually means shared ownership Potential disadvantages: mistaken updates may be made available potential for accidental or deliberate introduction of errors community knowledge may be limited need for community diversity to avoid ‘groupthink’ and blind spots communities may have internal disagreements need for effective conflict resolution and consensus-finding mechanisms
- 6. Produsage in Context content development space set up by community or company to harbour produsage (e.g. Wikimedia Foundation; Google; SourceForge) commercial / non-profit harvesting of user-generated content (e.g. The Sims , Wikipedia on CD-ROM) commercial / non-profit services to support produsage (e.g. Red Hat, SourceForge) commercial activities by users themselves, harnessing the hive (e.g. support services, consultancies, content sales) initial IP contributions from individuals, the public domain, or commercial sources collaborative, iterative, evolutionary, palimpsestic user-led content development valuable, often commercial-grade content is created Produsage Environment (populated by produsers)
- 7. Necessary Preconditions Necessary for produsage projects: equipotential community structures every participant is a potentially important contributor no in-built boundaries and hierarchies: open, flat, heterarchical structures probabilistic processes no restriction on contributors’ abilities to make a contribution community itself divides constructive from disruptive contributions granular tasks possibility of ‘random acts of participation’ even from uncommitted, casual, drop-in contributors shared rather than owned content intended for reuse, remixing, and mash-ups collaboratively developed, shared resources (see Produsage.org: Necessary Preconditions )
- 8. Key Principles Present in all produsage projects: Open Participation, Communal Evaluation the community as a whole, if sufficiently large and varied, can contribute more than a closed team of producers, however qualified Fluid Heterarchy, Ad Hoc Meritocracy produsers participate as is appropriate to their personal skills, interests, and knowledges; this changes as the produsage project proceeds Unfinished Artefacts, Continuing Process content artefacts in produsage projects are continually under development, and therefore always unfinished; their development follows evolutionary, iterative, palimpsestic paths Common Property, Individual Rewards contributors permit (non-commercial) community use and adaptation of their intellectual property, and are rewarded by the status capital gained through this process (see Produsage.org: Key Principles )