Verification ensures that software is built correctly, while validation ensures it satisfies requirements. There are two main types of verification: dynamic testing, which involves executing software with test cases, and static testing, which analyzes software manually or automatically without executing it. Dynamic testing includes functional, structural, and random testing. Static testing techniques ensure properties like syntax correctness and measure attributes like error-proneness. Validation techniques include formal methods, fault injection, dependency analysis, hazard analysis, and risk analysis. Verification and validation are time-consuming but essential processes to test software thoroughly.