Kernal assignment
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The kernel acts as an interface between applications and hardware, providing basic facilities like process management, memory management, and device management. There are different types of kernels including monolithic, microkernel, and hybrid kernels. A monolithic kernel runs all operating system services in the same process as the kernel itself. It is commonly used in Unix-like systems and can be faster due to less software, but bugs can more easily crash the entire system and it is not portable to new hardware architectures.
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Kernal assignment
- 1. ∑ Kernel: kernel is a bridge between applications and the actual data processing done at the hardware level ∑ Kernel basic facilities are :1)process management, 2) Memory management, 3) Device management, 4) System calls ∑ Some of the kinds of kernels are:1)monolithic,2)microkernel,3)hybrid kernel ∑ In monolithic kernel all operating system services run along with the main kernel thread ∑ it is traditionally used by Unix-like operating systems ∑ in this less software was used so it is faster as it is single piece of software it should be smaller both in source and compiled forms ∑ less code generally means fewer bugs which can translate to fewer security problems ∑ most work in the monolithic kernel is done via system calls ∑ coding in the kernel space is hard since you cannot use common libraries ∑ bugs in one part of the kernel have strong side effects ∑ kernel often become very huge and difficult to maintain ∑ since the modules run in the same address space, a bug can bring down the entire system • application •vfs,systemcall •ipc,file system • scheduler,virtual memory • device drivers,dispatcher • hardware
- 2. ∑ disadvantage of monolithic kernel is the they are not portable that is they must be rewritten for each new architecture that the operating system is to be used on