Key Technical Issues with 4 CSA Solutions
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The document discusses key technical issues with four CSA solutions: stress tolerant germplasms, ICT-enabled climate information services, diversified livelihood options through livestock, and innovative weather-based insurance. Each section outlines the objectives, experiences, and key considerations necessary for successful implementation and adaptation to climate change impacts. The overall emphasis is on improving agricultural resilience through better varieties, technology, diversification, and risk management strategies.
![KEYTECHNICAL ISSUES WITH FOUR
CSA SOLUTIONS
[[SUMMARY FROM DAY ONE]]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dayone4csasolutionssummaryv1-160914095017/85/Key-Technical-Issues-with-4-CSA-Solutions-1-320.jpg)
Key Technical Issues with 4 CSA Solutions
- 1. KEYTECHNICAL ISSUES WITH FOUR CSA SOLUTIONS [[SUMMARY FROM DAY ONE]]
- 2. Outline 2 1. Introduction 2. Stress Tolerant Germplasms 3. ICT-Enabled Climate Information Services 4. Diversified Livelihood Options Through Livestock 5. Innovative Weather-Based Insurance 6. Conclusion
- 4. Stress Tolerant Germplasms 4 INTRODUCTION • Stress Tolerant Germplasms refers to genetically improved varieties that have been developed to withstand different kinds of stress: ◦ Heat ◦ Moisture ◦ Disease • These varieties enable farmers to continue to produce foodcrops (maize) even in climatically stressed situations.
- 5. Stress Tolerant Germplasms 5 EXPERIENCES • Several varieties have been successfully developed in the region. • SADC Seed Centre should have a catalogue of the varieties developed by MS. • Aflatoxin resistance is a risk that has been flagged.
- 6. Stress Tolerant Germplasms 6 KEY CONSIDERATIONS 1. This touches on management of the environment (conservation agriculture). 2. Need to create awareness/knowledge. 3. Management of pests (across borders). 4. Socio-cultural issues (knowledge and capacity to adapt).
- 7. Stress Tolerant Germplasms 7 KEY CONSIDERATIONS (CONT..) 1. Replacement of varieties. 2. Market opportunities. 3. Unintended consequences. 4. Policy and regulatory environment (can take 6 years to introduce new variety). 5. Stakeholder interests. • Question: Is there a market? Do farmers want the germplasms? << logos>>
- 9. ICT-Enabled Climate Information Services 9 INTRODUCTION 1. ICT enabled climate information services are designed to provide real time information which farmers can use to make decisions. <<logos>>
- 10. ICT-Enabled Climate Information Services 10 EXPERIENCES: 1. Mobile penetration in SADC is circa 96%. 2. Mobile penetration rural SADC is around 80%. 3. Succesfull collaboration between mobile telephony operator and extension services. 4. Infrastructure challenges persist especially in rural areas.
- 11. ICT-Enabled Climate Information Services 11 KEY CONSIDERATIONS 1. Important to understand farmers needs 2. Partnerships • Trust • Reliability • Networks
- 12. ICT-Enabled Climate Information Services 12 KEY CONSIDERATIONS (CONT..) 1. Quality data (weather). 2. Business case/model. 3. Consider the Universal Service and Access fund. 4. Building indigenous knowledge systems.
- 13. DIVERSIFIED LIVELIHOOD OPTIONS THROUGH LIVESTOCK 13
- 14. Diversified Livelihood Options Through Livestock 14 INTRODUCTION 1. The objective of diversification is to reduce farmers’ reliance on a single commodity and to help them to spread the risk to a second commodity which can be another crop or livestock.
- 15. Diversified Livelihood Options Through Livestock 15 EXPERIENCES 1. ILRI has implemented successful programmes with both a diversification and an intensification focus in the region.
- 16. Diversified Livelihood Options Through Livestock 16 KEY CONSIDERATIONS 1. Build knowledge and awareness. 2. Markets. 3. Policies. 4. Trade barriers. 5. Rebuild image of livestock. 6. Promote indigenous breeds. 7. Change perceptions.
- 17. Diversified Livelihood Options Through Livestock 17 KEY CONSIDERATIONS (CONT..) 1. Relevant research. 2. Land size (Peri-urban areas). 3. Programme approach (not small interventions). 4. Infrastructure (rural) backbone. 5. Value placed on livestock. 6. Agro forestry.
- 18. INNOVATIVE WEATHER BASED INSURANCE 18 << logos>>
- 19. Innovative Weather Based Insurance 19 INTRODUCTION 1. Weather based insurance is designed to protect farmers against shocks emanating from adverse weather patterns and conditions in any one season.
- 20. Innovative Weather Based Insurance 20 EXPERIENCES 1. Rollout experience in East Africa 2. High acquisition cost of weather data 3. Needs to be a regional as opposed to a single country initiative 4. Up to 6% loss (farmer); between 6 and 30% loss (insurer) and above 30% - cover for catastrophic loss by government
- 21. Innovative Weather Based Insurance 21 KEY CONSIDERATIONS 1. Low Awareness – education and understanding of the product 2. Partnerships • Education • Distribution 3. Managing costs 4. Who carries the risk? 5. Regional approach 6. Policy/regulatory environment
- 22. Innovative Weather Based Insurance 22 KEY CONSIDERATIONS (CONT..) 1. Bundling of product – loans – linked to agricultural practice/behaviours 2. Spreading the risk 3. Consider the different categories (e.g frost, rain etc) 4. Use as a risk management tool 5. Pilots 6. Weather data
- 23. Innovative Weather Based Insurance 23 KEY CONSIDERATIONS (CONT..) 1. Needs to be broadened beyond inputs to outputs. 2. High transaction costs. 3. Unintended consequences - insurance can encourage maladaptation 4. Explore risk sharing lending systems.