Khalid m.phil presentation
- 1. ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN RIVER KABUL: IMPACT ON FISH POPULATION By KHALID USMAN KHATTAK Supervise by Dr. Bakhtiar Muhammad Co-Supervisor Dr. Farzana Perveen, Chairperson Department of Zoology DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY HAZARA UNIVERSITY, MANSEHRA PAKISTAN
- 2. INTRODUCTION River Kabul: River Kabul originates from Afghanistan and enters Pakistan at Shalman in the Khyber Agency. Sampling Sites: Warsak Area Totti Tanneries Peshawar Khazana Sugar Mill Peshawar Dalda Oil Mill Nowshera Jehangir Upper Jehanhira Lower Kund Marble Factory Khairabad Attock
- 3. HEAVY METALS are natural components of the Earth's crust they cannot be degraded or destroyed to a small extent they enter our bodies via food, drinking water and air as trace elements, some heavy metals (e.g. copper, selenium, zinc) are essential to maintain the metabolism of the human body however, at higher concentrations they can lead to poisoning Present study: Zn; Cu; Cd; Pb; Cr; Mn Water and Fishes
- 4. OBJECTIVES To analyzed heavy metals in water To analyzed heavy metals in fishes To determined Physiochemical parameters of water Its effect on Fish Population
- 5. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water and fish species were collected River Kabul (Warsak to Attack ) During 2010-2011 Method: Water (Plastic bottles with screw caps, labeled) Fish (Glass jars, 90% Formalin, identified, Labeled) Photography PCSIR Laboratories of Peshawar
- 6. SAMPLING SITES Discharge of Khazana Suger Milleshawar Discharge of Jehangira Lower Discharge of Jehangira Upper Discharge of Dalda Oil Mill Nowshera Discharge of Cantt Area Nowshear Kund Marble Factory
- 9. Results Physico-chemical Parameters of water Table 1 Analysis of water Samples for physiochemical test collected from River Kabul during the present research S No Sites Alkalinity (mg/L Hardness (mg/L pH Electrical Conductivity (µs/cm Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L 1 Khairabad Attack 252 324 7.33 416 2.74 2 Kund Marble Factory 276 296 7.56 488 2.41 3 Jehanjira Lower 264 7.11 443 3.87 4 Jehanjira Upper 308 274 7.66 487 3.33 5 Cantt Area Nowshera 306 292 7.36 565 2.65 6 Dalda Oil Mill Nowshera 284 364 7 Khazana Sugar Mill Peshawar 8 Totti Tanneries waste Peshawar 9 War4sak Area Peshawar 406 256 ↑ 260 250 5.33 258 ↑ ↓ 9.83 312 458 ↓ ↓ ↑ 7.33 7.51 611 685 2.16 ↑ 556 357 ↓ 2.62 2.22 ↓ 4.17 ↑
- 10. HEAVY METALS IN WATER Table 2 Analysis of heavy metals (ppm) of the water in River Kabul at different sites during research study S No *Sites Zn Cu Cd Pb Cr 1 Khairabad Attack 4.37 2.11 1.10 1.12 0.04 2 Kund Marble Factory 4.81 2.89 1.11 1.28 0.05 0.72 3 Jehanjira Lower 4.77 2.36 1.12 1.19 0.09 0.47 4 Jehanjira Upper 4.29 1.17 1.23 0.14 0.36 5 Cantt Area Nowshera 4.31 3.27 1.36 0.20 0.05 ↓ 6 Dalda Oil Mill Nowshera 7.11 3.11 1.36 2.11 0.22 2.11 ↑ 7 Khazana Sugar Mill Peshawar 4.77 2.23 1.29 8 Totti Tanneries waste Peshawar 5.00 ↑ 2.11 9 War4sak Area Peshawar 4.11 ↓ 1.07 3.87 ↓ ↑ 1.46 ↓ ↑ 414 1.23 0.42 ↑ 3.27 ↓ 0.06 ↓ 1.87 2.11 ↓ Mn 0.05 0.40 0.47 ↑ 0.86 0.06
- 11. Heavy metals in Fishes Table 3 Analysis of heavy metals (ppm) in fish (Rohu) Labeo rohita from River Kabul at different sites during the present research. S No *Sites Zn Cu Cd Pb 0.05 Cr 0.01 Mn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Khairabad Attack 4.05 Kund Marble Factory 4.00 Jehanjira Lower 3.00 Jehanjira Upper 4.05 Cantt Area Nowshera 5.00 Dalda Oil Mill Nowshera 6.00 0.05 ↓ 1.00 ↓ 0.05 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 ↓ ↓ 0.05 0.05 ↓ 1.00 3.05 2.05 0.01 0.05 0.05 1.00 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.05 Khazana Sugar Mill Peshawar 3.06 Totti Tanneries waste Peshawar 4.00 War4sak Area Peshawar 4.00 ↑ 1.00 3.05 2.05 ↑ 0.05 025 ↑ ↑ 0.05 0.02 ↑ 0.01 0.05 1.00 1.00 0.01 1.05 2.00 ↑ ↑ 1.00 1.05 0.00 ↓ 0.00 ↓ 0.01 0.05
- 12. FISH BIODIVERSITY Channa gochua (Hamilton) Clopisoma naziri (Mirza and Awan) Gara gotyla (Gray, 1830) Crossocheilus latius (Hamilton) Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) Puntus sophore(Hamilton)
- 13. Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Barilius vagra (Hamilton) Puntius ticto (Hamilton) Barilius pakistanicus (Mirza and Sadiq) Clupisoma garuva (Hamilton)
- 14. Heavy Metal Toxicity Palmer Keratosis
- 15. Bowen's disease The skin has two layers, the epidermis and the dermis below. Bowen’s disease is a precursor of skin cancer of the outer skin layer, the epidermis, the dermis is not affected.
- 17. Conclusion Water contain heavy metals Water are not suitable for drinking Water are not suitable for irrigation Water quality are not suitable for fish growth Fishes may cause serious diseases
- 18. Recommendations Industries discharge should be cleaned before enter to the River Time to time Fish fauna should be checked out Industries using heavy metals should be reduced Both public and private partnership is needed to safe the River from pollution Tourist should not want to thrown garbed to the River
- 19. References •Alam, A. and Tanaka, k. (2002) A comparison of trace elements concentration in cultured and Wild carp (Cyprinus carpio) of Lake Kasumigara Japan. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 53: 348-354. •Andrews, S. and Sutherland, R. A. (2004) Cu, Pb and Zn contamination in Nuuanu Water shed, Oahu, Hawaii. Science of Total Environment 324: 173-182. •Afzal, M. (2007) Effect of civic pollution on fish and fisheries in the Riverine system. Final report of ALP sponsored project. AFP, NARC, Islamabad 1-165. •Akif, M.., Khan, A. R., Sok, M. K., Hussain, Z., Abrar, M. and Muhammad, A. (2002) Textile effluents and their contribution towards aquatic pollution in the Kabul River (Pakistan). Journal of Chemistry Society Pakistan 24: 106-111. •Alvi, M. P. (2007) Economy and development History, Travel Pakistan. •Barlas, N. (1999) A pilot study of heavy metal concentration in various environments and fishes in the Upper Sakarya River Basin. Environmental Toxicology 14:367–373. •Burgera, J. M. and Gochfeldb, M. (2005) Heavy metals in commercial fish in New Jersey. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 36: 355–365.