Kinematics and Dynamics in Physics and motion class
- 5. MOTION
- 7. •Describes motion in terms of displacement, velocity, and acceleration. KINEMATICS
- 8. •Is the study of force in relation to motion. DYNAMICS
- 9. •Is the term used in physics for motion in straight line. Here, we shall consider the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system as the origin of motion. Motion directed to the right is always positive, while those that are directed to the left of the origin is considered negative. TRANSLATION
- 11. DISTANCE •Refers to the total length of path taken by an object in moving from its initial to final position.
- 12. DISPLACEMENT •Refers to the straight line distance between an object’s initial and final positions, with direction toward the final position.
- 13. SAMPLE PROBLEM •Starting from the church, a procession has to take the following route: 50 m, north; 40 m east; and 60 m, north. To go back, it has to follow the same route but in the opposite direction. (a) What is the total distance traveled? (b). What is the total displacement?
- 16. SPEED •Is the distance traveled by a body in a given time. Speed is a scalar quantity.
- 17. Velocity •Is the time rate of change of position. It is the displacement of a body in a specified time interval.
- 19. Sample Problem Edrian and Emmanuel who are 150 m apart start walking toward each other at 3 m/s and 5 m/s, respectively. (a) How long will it take them to meet? (b) Find the corresponding distance travelled by each.
- 20. Certainly, let's solve this step-by-step: (a) To calculate the time it takes for to meet, we can use the formula: (b) Given information: - Distance between Lean and Mickey = 150m - Speed of Emmanuel = 3m/s - Speed of Edrian = 5m/s
- 21. (b) To find the distance traveled by each person, we can use the time calculated in part (a) and their respective speeds. Distance traveled by Lean = Speed of Lean × Time
- 22. Acceleration •Is the rate of change of velocity. Since velocity is a vector quantity, a change in velocity can be a change in magnitude, a change in direction, or change in both magnitude and direction.
- 23. • The simplest type of accelerated motion with constant acceleration. In equation form.
- 24. Uniformly Accelerated Motion • The descriptors of motion discussed so far are time, displacement, and velocity. • Let… •a – acceleration (m/ •t – time (s) •- final velocity (m/s) •- initial velocity (m/s) •d – displacement (m)
- 25. Using these variables and other concepts, we will now proceed to derive the four equations of uniformly accelerated motion.
- 26. EQUATION 1 • a = Do algebraic manipulations: •at = •at + = • = + at
- 27. EQUATION 2 •If the velocity v is constant, the displacement d is computed by multiplying velocity by the time: d = vt •If the velocity is not constant, we use the average velocity, to compute for the displacement d d = x t ; but = so; d = () t
- 28. EQUATION 3 • t = •= + 2ad
- 29. EQUATION 4 •d = + a
- 31. •A car covers 200.0 m while increasing its velocity from 20.0 m/s to 30.0 m/s. Compute the acceleration.
- 32. •Starting from rest, a car accelerates at +2.0 m/ How far will it go after 6.0 s?
- 33. •A car accelerates at a constant rate from 15 m/s to 25 m/s while it travels 125 m. How long does it take to achieve this speed?
- 35. FREE FALL
- 36. •In the absence of air resistance, all bodies at the same location above Earth’s surface fall vertically with the same acceleration regardless of their sizes and mass.
- 37. •This idealized motion of a falling object, which is acted upon only by the force of gravity, is called free fall.
- 38. •The acceleration of a free-falling body is called acceleration due to gravity denoted gravity denoted by “g” and is equal and is equal to 9.8 m/. This acceleration is downward and directed toward Earth’s center.
- 39. What causes some bodies to fall faster than others, even though they have the same mass? •The answer is air resistance. A falling body collides with countless particles of air, slowing down its fall. Generally, the faster the speed and the greater the surface area, the more air resistance a falling body encounters.
- 43. SAMPLE PROBLEM: •A rocket ship far from any star or planet accelerates uniformly from 65 m/s to 162 m/s in 10.0 s. How far does it move?
- 44. •Filipinos young and old, play basketball with all their hearts. This shows the Filipinos undying love for basketball. Every summer, there is a basketball league in every barangay. However, what Filipinos should also know is that basketball is more than just a sport.
- 45. •This sport demonstrates a lot of physics concepts. One of which is the projectile motion, a type of motion wherein an object called a projectile is thrown in the air, and moves a curved path under gravity alone.
- 46. •In basketball, when the ball is thrown to the basket, the ball moves along a parabolic path. This is an example of non-horizontally launched projectile with vertical motion. Wherein the ball is released at an angle.
- 47. Projectile Motion •Is a two-dimensional type of motion which consists of two independent parts: uniform motion (zero acceleration) along the horizontal and uniformly accelerated motion along the vertical which is similar to the free fall.
- 50. FORMULA
- 51. Events which show projectile motion: A volleyball serve A three point attempt in basketball, Javelin and discuss throw
- 52. •The Volleyball, Basketball, and Javelin throws are called the projectiles. The shape of the path of a projectile is a parabola.
- 56. • 1. You decided to play “Flick the coin” with your friend. The goal of the game is to flick the coin from the top of a table and let it land on the floor as far as possible. The coin that you flicked left the table (0.60 m high) with an initial horizontal velocity of 3 m/s. Compute the following: • a. Time it will take for the coin to reach the ground. • b. Range (how far from the base of the table will the coin land) • (Note that the time it takes for the balls to reach the range and the time it takes for the ball to reach the floor when it is dropped straight downward are equal)
- 57. •A ball rolling on a table top, which follows a parabolic path before falling to the ground, is an example of a horizontally launched projectile. In this case, the ball was not released at an angle.
- 58. •A pebble is thrown horizontally at 15 m/s from the top of a building 44 m high. a. How far from the base of the building does the pebble hit the ground? b. How long is it moving the instant before it hits the ground?