kinematics of fluids basics
- 1. UNIT II FLUID KINEMATICS By G.Adharsh Department of civil engineering
- 2. • Branch of fluid mechanics which deals with response of fluids in motion without considering forces and energies in them
- 3. TYPES OF FLUID FLOW • STEADY AND UNSTEADY FLOW • UNIFORM AND NON-UNIFORM FLOW • LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW • COMPRESSIBLE AND INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW • ROTATIONAL AND IRROTATIONAL FLOWS • ONE, TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONAL FLOWS
- 4. Types of flow Steady and unsteady flow In steady flow the velocity of fluid particles at any point is constant as time passes. unsteady flow exists whenever the velocity at a point in the fluid changes as time passes
- 6. Types of flow • Laminar flow : the fluid particles move along smooth well defined path or stream lines that are parallel thus particles move in laminas or layers, smoothly gliding over each other • Turbulent flow : The fluid particles move in zig -zag way due to which there is a small fluctuation in magnitude and direction of the fluid particles
- 8. Types of flow • Compressible flow : the type of flow in which the density of the fluid changes from point to point or in other words the density is not constant for the fluid • Incompressible flow : the type of flow in which the density is constant for the fluid flow. Liquids are generally incompressible while gases are compressible
- 10. Types of flow • One dimensional flow : where velocity is function of time with one space coordinator ‘x’. The variation of velocities in other two perpendicular directions are assumed negligible. u = f(x), V=0, w = 0 • Two dimensional flow : where velocity is function of time with two space coordinator ‘x’ and ‘y’. The variation of velocities in third direction is assumed negligible. u = f1(x,y), V=f2(x,y), w = 0 • Three dimensional flow : where velocity is function of time with three space coordinator ‘x’,‘y’ and ‘z’. w = f1(x,y,z), V=f2(x,y,z), w = f3(x,y,z)
- 11. Rate of flow or discharge • It is defined as the quantity of a fluid flowing per second through a section of a pipe or a channel. • For liquids unit is 𝒎 𝟑 𝒔 𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒔 • For gases 𝒌𝒈𝒇 𝒔 𝒐𝒓 𝑵𝒆𝒘𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒔 therefore, Q = A × V Where Q = discharge A = cross sectional area of pipe V = average velocity of fluid across the section