Know the advantages and disadvantages of peer-to-peer network and a server-based network
- 1. Network Configuration Network Design and Management
- 2. At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Determine the roles of computers in a network • Understand two types of network configuration • Know the advantages and disadvantages of peer-to-peer network and a server-based network • Differentiate the two types of network configuration
- 3. Roles of a computer in a network: • Server. Computers that provide shared resources to network users. The term server is generic to all computers that provide services of whatever type, services such as file, print, web, login or authentication. • Client. Computers that access shared network resources provided by a server. • Peer. Computers that function as client and server.
- 4. Types of Network Configuration • Peer-to-Peer Network also known as Workgroup Model
- 5. • A network in which the computers are managed independently of one another and have equal rights for initiating communication with each other, sharing resources, and validating users. • There are no dedicated servers, and there is no hierarchy among computers. • Administration is decentralized making the user of a specific computer responsible for his/her own computer’s security • Computers of a peer-to-peer network can take both a client and a server role. Any individual machine can share resources with any other computer on the same network.
- 6. Advantages and disadvantages of a Peer-to-peer Network Advantages Disadvantages No need for a network operating system Because each computer might be accessed by others, it can slow down the performance for the user Does not need an expensive server because individual workstations are used to access the files Files and folders cannot be centrally backed up No need for specialist staff such as network technicians because each user sets their own permission as to which files they are willing to share. Files and resources are not centrally organized into a specific 'shared area'. They are stored on individual computers and might be difficult to locate if the computer's owner doesn't have a logical filing system. Much easier to set up than a client-server network - does not need specialist knowledge Ensuring that viruses are not introduced to the network is the responsibility of each individual user If one computer fails it will not disrupt any other part of the network. It just means that those files aren't available to other users at that time. There is little or no security besides the permissions. Users often don't need to log onto their workstations.
- 7. Types of Network Configuration • Server-based Network also known as Domain Model or client-server
- 8. • A network in which computers can either be a server or a client. • In a server-based network, the server is the central location where users share and access network resources. This dedicated computer controls the level of access that users have to share resources. Shared data is in one location, making it easy to back up critical business information • In a server-based network, users have one user account and password to log on to the server and to access shared resources. Server operating systems are designed to handle the load when multiple client computers access server-based resources. • Computer’s security, storage, and other resources are centrally managed by using servers, thus making the administration centralized. • With a client-server network, the files will not be stored on the hard drive of each workstation. Instead they will be stored on a powerful computer which is known as a server.
- 9. Advantages Disadvantages All files are stored in a central location A specialist network operating system is needed Centrally controlled network peripherals The server is expensive to purchase Centrally controlled backups and network security Specialist staff such as a network manager is needed Users can access centrally controlled shared data Specialist staff such as a network manager is needed
- 10. Difference between Peer-to-Peer and Server- Based Network Factors Peer-to-Peer Network Server-Based Network Size Not more than 10 pc because if more, Bandwidth will be an issue There will be too much traffic if more than 10 terminals Has more than 10 terminals Has specialized server Has branded servers Cost Less expensive Expensive Security Less security Very tight security Operating System Desktop Operating System Network Operating System Administration Decentralized Centralized
- 11. Network Topology Topology • Topology came from the Greek word topos meaning place • Schematic description of the arrangement of network elements • Standard term the network professionals use when they refer to the network’s basic design • Either physical or logical
- 12. Physical Topology • Refers to the arrangement or physical layout of the computers, cables and other components in the network. • Physical topology is the placement of the various components of a network, including device location and cable installation.
- 13. Logical Topology • The arrangement of devices on a computer network and how they communicate with one another • Describes the flow of data through the network
- 14. • Standard Topologies • There are several types of network topologies. The first four types are the common types of topology, namely: bus topology, star topology, ring topology and mesh topology. The succeeding part introduces other variations of topology.
- 15. Bus Topology • In the bus topology, all devices are connected to a central cable called the bus, trunk or backbone. It is oftentimes referred to as “linear bus” because all nodes are connected in a single straight line.
- 16. Star Topology • In a Star topology, all network devices are connected into a single concentrating device called hub. The hub makes it possible for a computer to have indirect connection to all other computers within the network.
- 17. Ring Topology • In the ring topology, all computers are connected to one another in a closed loop. When a computer sends data along the cable, the message flows around the ring in one direction only. This means that the computer next to the source of data acts as a repeater (a device that boosts signal to travel further along the cable) and retransmits the signal to the next computer until the message reaches the computer with the exact destination address. There is no need for terminators because there is no end on a ring
- 19. Mesh Topology • A mesh topology requires complex, redundant links between each device in the network. The mesh topology can be employed either in full or in partial. In a full mesh topology, each node is connected to every other node.
- 21. Variations in Network Topologies Hybrid Topology • A combination of two or more different topologies makes for a hybrid topology. When different topologies are connected to one another, they do not display characteristics of any one specific topology. • Hybrid networks use a combination of any two or more topologies wherein the resulting network does not exhibit one of the standard topologies (i.e. bus, star, ring, mesh). A hybrid topology is always produced when two different basic network topologies are connected. Two common examples for hybrid network are: star-bus network and star-ring network.
- 22. Tree Topology / Star-Bus Topology
- 23. Star-ring Topology • A star-ring topology combines the characteristics of both the star and ring topologies. The hubs are connected in a star pattern by the main hub.
- 25. Advantages and Disadvantages of Each topology Topology Advantages Disadvantages Bus Easy to install Relatively inexpensive Good for smaller networks not requiring high speed Requires less cable length than star topology Performance of the network is dependent on the number of computers installed Requires terminators If the main cable breaks, the entire network goes down Difficult problem isolation if the network goes down Network slows down in case of heavy traffic Star Easy to install Centralized management Easy to troubleshoot In case of cable break, it would not affect the entire network, only the computer directly connected to it Network expansion is easy Requires more cable length than bus topology Network operation depends on the function of the central hub. Hence, central hub failure leads to failure of the entire network. More expensive than linear bus
- 26. Ring No danger of collision, because only one packet of data travel along the ring Computers have equal access to the token and opportunity to transmit Performance is even Failure of a single node in the network can cause the entire network to fail Moving, adding, and changing of devices affects the network The transmission speed drops with an increase in the number of nodes Mesh Relatively immune to network traffic Redundant paths are available Easy routing of data Reliable Expensive to install Requires a great deal of cabling Tree Allows easy expansion of existing networks Point to point wiring of individual segments Fault identification is easy As multiple segments are connected to a central bus, the network depends heavily on the bus. Due to its size and complexity, maintenance is not easy and costs are high. Network configuration is difficult Although it is scalable, the number of nodes that can be added depends on the capacity of the central bus and on the cable type.
- 27. Considerations in choosing a Topology • Cost • Size of the network • Network requirements • Cabling • Ease of installation • Future expansions
- 28. The End.