knowledge for ecosystem based management
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This document discusses providing knowledge for ecosystem-based management. It outlines several challenges, including balancing human activities with environmental stewardship, assessing complex systems, and addressing "wicked problems" with no clear solutions. It also discusses setting objectives, indicators, and reference points for management, as well as reconciling different stakeholder priorities. Throughout, it emphasizes co-producing knowledge through collaboration between scientists and other groups, and the importance of understanding how knowledge will be applied and the contexts it must work within.
knowledge for ecosystem based management
- 1. @DickeyCollas Providing the knowledge for ecosystem based management. Mark Dickey-Collas
- 2. Names & definitions Inspired by Jason Link EM IEA IM IOM MSP CMSP CZM EBFM EBM EAM EAFM EA
- 3. Balancing human activities & environmental stewardship in a multiple use context Pragmatic Ecosystem Based Management
- 4. Knowledge a familiarity, awareness or understanding
- 5. Assessment of everything? Understand everything? Reality - assessment of priorities Adrian Judd, OSPAR Intersessional Correspondence Group Cumulative Effects Assessment Adapted from Voss & Schmidt
- 6. Applied science - wicked problems Rittel & Webber 1973, Churchman 1976 Super wicked problems 1. Time is running out 2. No central authority 3. Those seeking to solve the problem are also causing it 4. Policies discount the future irrationally
- 7. Why use ecosystem approach? • Political need – international and national commitments • Operational benefits - trade-offs explicit, ownership of process, spectrum of approaches able to adapt to complex challenges Image: ICES
- 8. Higher order objectives for the marine system? Iceland on route: Preservation of ecosystems & sustainable exploitation of resources Norway Good ecosystem health & sustainable use Regional MPs EU Good Environmental Status, MSFD Canada None USA No but many mandates Foran et al 2016
- 9. Envisioning objectives Trenkel et al. 2015. Identifying marine pelagic ecosystem management objectives and indicators. Partnership: fishing industry, scientists, eNGOs, policy developers
- 10. Trade offs & objectives – conservation & resource management
- 11. Conceptual model of the Pacific herring social–ecological system. Levin et al 2016. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ehs 2.1213/full#ehs21213-fig-0001 Just and safe operating space
- 12. Scoping stakeholders The clearer the scope, the better the outcome
- 13. Voinov et al. 2016 Adaptive & revisiting Co-production of knowledge
- 14. How best to provide knowledge to reach/reconcile objectives?
- 15. I’ve got a tool, and I’m going to use it! What’s the question?
- 16. Are we geared up to address applied questions? Impossible to achieve realism, precision, and generality in one model. Model creation requires trade-off of one of these, often conflicts with the desire of end-users. Models are often employed without consideration of their limitations, e.g. projecting into unknown space without generalism, or fitting empirical models and inferring causality. Dickey-Collas et al. 2014. Hazard warning: model misuse ahead.
- 17. Veracity of evidence Mixing evidence of differing integrity, sources & certainty Uusitalo et al. 2016. Exploring methods for predicting multiple pressures on ecosystem recovery.
- 18. Knowledge creation Framework for interdisciplinary & transdisciplinary co-creation of the knowledge castle Mauser et al. 2013
- 19. Engaging with society Resource greedy & messy
- 20. Society sets objectives… Rice 2011
- 21. EU marine strategy framework directive Images: EU & ICES
- 22. Indicators for management Miloslavich, et al., GOOS Biol EOV http://ioc-goos.org/biology Strong causal links between human activity creating pressures & changes in ecosystem state
- 23. DPSIR / APSR Gimpel et al., 2013; Knights et al., 2013 Greenstreet et al., 2009; Reiss et al., 2010
- 24. Setting reference points Pressure indicator Stateindicator good bad 0 high maximum ? other information needed to define acceptable pressure →metric max change of slope unsuitable indicator From Trenkel et al., and similar to Samhouri et al 2010
- 25. Not always so clear … Policy objective set but: 1. insufficient evidence to define targets & formal state assessment 2. links to anthropogenic pressures are either weak or not sufficiently understood to underpin specific management advice Shephard et al 2015 Photo: Icelandic Wilderness
- 26. Survelliance indicators Shephard et al. 2015. Surveillance indicators and their use in implementation of the MSFD take action check pressures review knowledge take action check pressures review knowledge
- 27. Priorities for EBFM, list of 26 Science Literature Fishing industry 1 Consider Ecosystem Connections Sustainability 2 Appropriate Spatial & Temporal Scales Develop Long -Term Objectives 3 Adaptive Management Stakeholder Involvement 4 Use of Scientific Knowledge Use of All Forms of Knowledge 5 Stakeholder Involvement Use of Incentives 6 Integrated Management Consider Economic Context 7 Sustainability Acknowledge Uncertainty Long et al. 2016. Key principles of ecosystem-based management: Fishers perspective
- 28. Researchers are people too
- 29. Bounded rationality in decision making rationality of individuals is limited by information they have, cognitive limitations of their minds, & finite amount of time they have to make a decision. Image: tellthemisaidsomething.com/2013/
- 30. Reconciling objectives Natural scientists nearly always suggest to use weighting Dynamics of power & locations of decision making
- 31. What is ICES? • Intergovernmental science organization • 20 countries collaborating to improve marine science • Network of over 4000 active research scientists • North Atlantic focus
- 32. ICES provides the knowledge/evidence for decision making. “information, knowledge, and advice on the sustainable management of human activities affecting, and affected by, marine ecosystems.”
- 33. Building knowledge for advice Information ICES data centre Understanding ICES science Advice for management ICES advice
- 34. Application of evidence base Consequences of catching fish on its own stock & management targets Impacts of fishing on ecosystem, descriptions and targets Consideration of priority pressures on ecosystem structure & function and consequences for societyICES Advice
- 35. CATCHOPPORTUNITIES Eastern Baltic cod recruitmentchanges North East Atlantic mackerel ↘weight, ↗ maturity North Sea herring productivity
- 36. FISHERIESOVERVIEWS Worm et al 2009 Conservation & fisheries objectives
- 37. FISHERIESOVERVIEWS Conservation & fisheries objectives bycatch mixed fisheries fleet descriptions ecosystem impacts
- 39. Workshop January 2016 Explored strengths & weaknesses of recent implementation of Ecosystem Based Management, focused on challenges for cross sectoral approaches. Marshak et al. 2016. International perceptions of an integrated, multi-sectoral EAM.
- 40. Ingredients for success in EBM • Develop frameworks for implementation • Acknowledge power of/ownership between sectors • Trade-offs • Use whatever governance mandate exist • Find a honest champion • Use momentum but temper expectations
- 41. 8 tenets for scientists, policy-makers, and managers (i) engage with players early, often, and continually; (ii) conduct rigorous human dimensions research; (iii) recognize the importance of transparently selecting indicators; (iv) set ecosystem targets to create a system of EBM accountability; (v) establish a formal mechanism(s) for the review of IEA science; (vi) serve current management needs, but not at the expense of more integrative ocean management; (vii) provide a venue for EBM decision-making that takes full advantage of IEA products; (viii) embrace realistic expectations about IEA science and its implementation. Photo: Icelandic Wilderness Samhouri et al 2014
- 42. For EBM, how we develop & provide the knowledge is as important as the knowledge itself. As they leave the science closet, knowledge brokers need to be aware & empathetic to the arena they are entering. Providing the knowledge for ecosystem based management
- 43. Thank you! Picture: Icelandic Wilderness