L1 computer architecture lesson 1
- 1. Subject: Computer Architecture By Mrs. Aarti R. Salunke Asst. Prof. ECT Dept. 5/10/2021 1
- 2. * *Vision of the Department: To develop GREAT technocrats and to establish center of excellence in the field of Electronics and Telecommunications. *Global technocrats with human values, *Research and lifelong learning attitude, *Excellent ability to tackle challenges, *Awareness of the needs of society, *Technical expertise *Mission of the Department: To provide good technical education and enhance technical competency by providing good infrastructure, resources, effective teaching learning process and competent, caring and committed faculty. To provide various platforms to students for cultivating professional attitude and ethical values. Creating a strong foundation among students which will enable them to pursue their career choice. Department Of Electronics and Telecommunication, JNEC, MGMU, Aurangabad, MS, India 5/10/2021 2
- 3. * *Architecture can mean: A general term to describe buildings and other physical structures. The art and science of designing buildings and (some) nonbuilding structures. The style of design and method of construction of buildings and other physical structures. *Computer architecture is a science or a set of rules stating how computer software and hardware are joined together and interact to make a computer work. It not only determines how the computer works but also of which technologies the computer is capable. Department Of Electronics and Telecommunication, JNEC, MGMU, Aurangabad, MS, India 5/10/2021 3
- 4. * *To introduce basic concepts of computer organization and to illustrate the computer organization concepts by assembly language programming. *To find solutions using assembly language program on arithmetic operations. *To understand memory types and its organization *To explain concept of parallel processing. Department Of Electronics and Telecommunication, JNEC, MGMU, Aurangabad, MS, India 5/10/2021 4
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- 6. 5/10/2021 6 *Contd.. Department Of Electronics and Telecommunication, JNEC, MGMU, Aurangabad, MS, India
- 8. Unit-1 Basics of Computers Lesson Plan Prof A.R.Salunke (Assistant Professor, ECT) - Computer Architecture-TH (TY-ECT-I) – JNEC MGMU Sr. No. Contents Objective Methodology Faculty Approach Learners Activity Learning Outcome BL CO PO PSO 1 Introduction to Subject. Basic Structure of Computers To study block diagram of computer parts Oral and PPT Question and Ans. Explanation Participate Listening Verbal skills, Remembering 1 1 1 2 2 Functional units To study functional unites of computer Mind mapping, PPT Facilitate Discuss and Draw Verbal skills, Interpersonal and communication 1 1 1 2 3 software performance issues To study software performance issues Oral and PPT Question and Ans. Explanation Participate Listening Verbal and communication 2 1 1,2 2 4 machine instructions and programs, Types of instructions To study instructions of programming Oral and PPT Explanation Listening Remembering and understanding 2 1 1,2,5 2 5 Instruction sets: Instruction formats, To study different instruction format Oral and PPT Question and Ans. Explanation Participate Listening Remembering, and understanding 2 1 1,2,5 2 6 Assembly language To study assembly language Oral and PPT Question and Ans. Explanation Participate Listening Verbal skills , Understanding and Analyzing 3 1 1,2 2 7 Stacks, Queues, Subroutines. To study stacks queues subroutines Oral and PPT Question and Ans. Explanation Participate Listening Verbal skills , Understanding and Analyzing 3 1 1,2,5 2 5/10/2021 8
- 9. * • Que. : Define Computer Architecture? • Ans. In engineering, computer architecture is a set of rules and methods that describe the functionality, organization, and implementation of computer systems. Computer architecture is concerned with balancing the performance, efficiency, cost, and reliability of a computer system. • Que. : Who originated the concept of a digital programmable computer. • Ans. Charles Babbage (1791-1871), Computer pioneer, designed the first automatic computing engines. He invented computers but failed to build them. Department Of Electronics and Telecommunication, JNEC, MGMU, Aurangabad, MS, India 5/10/2021 9
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- 11. * Fig. 1 : Basic structure of Computer Architecture 5/10/2021 11
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- 13. * Input Unit: Input unites are used by computer to read data. 5/10/2021 13
- 14. 5/10/2021 14 *What Are the Different Types of Computer Mouse Models? *Wired Mouse. A wired mouse connects directly to your desktop or laptop, usually through a USB port, and transmits information via the cord. ... *Bluetooth Mouse. ... *Trackball Mouse. ... *Optical Mouse. ... *Laser Mouse. ... *Magic Mouse. ... *USB Mouse. ... *Vertical Mouse.
- 15. * Memory Unit: The function of memory unit is to store data and programs. 5/10/2021 15
- 16. 5/10/2021 16 Computer memory is of two basic type – Primary memory(RAM and ROM) and Secondary memory(hard drive,CD,etc.). Random Access Memory (RAM) is primary-volatile memory and Read Only Memory (ROM) is primary-non-volatile memory. It is also called as read write memory or the main memory or the primary memory.
- 17. * Arithmetic and Logical Unit: Computer operations are executed in Arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) of the processor. The ALU performs simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and logic operations, such as OR and AND. 5/10/2021 17
- 18. * Output Unit: Output unites are used by computer to send results to the outside world. 5/10/2021 18
- 19. 5/10/2021 19 * Basic Structure of printer
- 20. * Control Unit: The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic and logic unit and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have been sent to the processor. 5/10/2021 20
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- 22. * *What is Software? Software is a program that enables a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system (hardware). ... Computer software has to be "loaded" into the computer's storage (such as a hard drive, memory, or RAM). Once the software is loaded, the computer is able to execute the software. *What are some common performance issues? Some of the most common issues include the presence of slow servers, poorly written code, and duplicate title tags. Department Of Electronics and Telecommunication, JNEC, MGMU, Aurangabad, MS, India 5/10/2021 22
- 23. * Image Courtesy www.chtips.com 5/10/2021 23
- 24. * *A machine instruction consists of several bytes in memory that tells the processor to perform one machine operation. *Types of Instruction *Arithmetic instructions *Logical *bit manipulation instructions *Shift instructions Eg. *Data transfer instructions– move, load exchange, input, output. ... *Arithmetic instructions – add, subtract, increment, decrement, convert byte/word and compare. Department Of Electronics and Telecommunication, JNEC, MGMU, Aurangabad, MS, India 5/10/2021 24
- 25. * *Instruction in memory has two parts: opcode and operands. The opcode identifies the operation that instruction does. The operands are subjects of the operation, such as data values, registers, or memory addresses. Due to variety of opcodes and operands, instructions may occupy different sizes of bytes in memory. Department Of Electronics and Telecommunication, JNEC, MGMU, Aurangabad, MS, India 5/10/2021 25
- 26. * *In computer programming, assembly language, often abbreviated asm, is any low-level programming language in which there is a very strong correspondence between the instructions in the language and the architecture's machine code instructions *MOV - move data from one location to another *ADD - add two values *SUB - subtract a value from another value *PUSH - push data onto a stack *POP - pop data from a stack *JMP - jump to another location *INT - interrupt a process Department Of Electronics and Telecommunication, JNEC, MGMU, Aurangabad, MS, India 5/10/2021 26
- 27. * * Stack: The stack is an area of memory; the stack pointer is the address of the last value pushed onto the stack. Usually, the stack is used for storing data when subroutines are called. The stack is a last-in-first-out, i.e., LIFO structure so the last thing stored in the stack is the first thing retrieved. * Queue: In programming, a queue is a data structure in which elements are removed in the same order they were entered. This is often referred to as FIFO (first in, first out). In contrast, a stackis a data structure in which elements are removed in the reverse order from which they were entered. * Subroutine: a set of instructions designed to perform a frequently used operation within a program. 5/10/2021 27
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