SlideShare a Scribd company logo
7
Most read
15
Most read
17
Most read
1
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-II LAB
(CE-341)
FALL 2024 (09 SEP 2024 - 12 JAN 2025)
EXPERIMENT-1
“MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE, PH &
TURBIDITY OF WATER SAMPLES”
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE)
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE)
NUST
THEORY
▪ pH is measure of effective Hydrogen Ion Concentration
▪ Defined as : pH = -log [H+1]
▪ Low pH value corresponds to high concentrations of [H+1] and
vice versa
▪ pH value measured on a scale of 0-14
▪ pH value of 7 reflects neutral solution at 25oC
▪ pH below 7 denote acidity, intensity of acidity increases as the
pH value decreases and vice versa
▪ WHO and NEQS suggested a guideline value for pH For
drinking water its value should be in range of 6.5-8.5
2
3
PRINCIPLE
▪ pH electrode used, is a combined glass electrode which consists
of sensing half cell and reference half cell. Sensing half cell is a
thin pH sensitive semipermeable membrane
▪ Measures the voltage (electrical potential) produced by the
solution whose pH we're interested in, compares it with the
voltage of a known solution, and uses the difference in voltage
(the "potential difference") between them to deduce the
difference in pH.
4
ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE
▪ pH value or range is extremely important for any chemical
reaction as it highly effective at particular pH
▪ Chemical coagulation, disinfection, water softening and
corrosion control are governed by pH adjustment.
▪ Reduction of hexavalent chromium into trivalent chromium also
need favorable pH.
▪ Prevents build-up of minerals (scale) on the inside of pipes,
fixtures, and hot water heaters. Lengthens the life of some
appliances. Reduces or prevents mineral spots on glassware.
Prevents or reduces soap films and detergent curds in sinks,
bathtubs, and washing machines
5
APPARATUS/MATERIALS
▪ pH meter
▪ Beaker
▪ Wash bottle
▪ Buffer solution of different pH value
6
PROCEDURE
▪ Switch on the pH meter.
▪ Remove the cap of electrode
▪ Calibrate the pH meter by using different buffer solution of pH
4.0, 7.0 and 10
▪ Place electrode in the sample
▪ Be sure the entire sensing end is submerged and there are no air
bubbles under the electrode
▪ Record pH value when the display is stable
▪ Rinse the electrode with distilled water after each
measurement and calibration
7
OBSERVATION/RESULTS
Sample pH
Tape water -
Sample 1 -
Sample 2 -
Sample 3 -
8
CONCLUSION & COMMENTS
9
TURBIDITY OF WATER SAMPLES
▪ Turbidity is a measure of the level of particles such as
sediment, plankton, or organic by-products, in a body of water
▪ Cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of
individual/suspended particles.
▪ Degree to which water loses its transparency
▪ It's a key test in assessing water quality.
10
ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE
▪ Turbidity can indicate the presence of suspended solids in water, which
may include: Organic Matter, Bacteria/Microorganisms,Pollutants
▪ High turbidity can affect aquatic ecosystems and human health
Applications
• Water Treatment Plants
• Monitoring drinking water quality.
• Environmental Monitoring
• Assessing river, lake, and ocean health.
• Wastewater Treatment
• Ensuring discharge water meets regulations.
11
CAUSES OF TURBIDITY
▪ Common causes of turbidity in water include:
▪ Erosion and runoff
▪ Wastewater discharge
▪ Algae blooms
▪ Urbanization and construction
▪ Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU):The most common unit for
measuring turbidity.
▪ Standards:WHO recommends a turbidity level of less than 5 NTU for
drinking water.
12
METHODS TO MEASURE TURBIDITY
Visual Inspection:
▪ Traditional method, less accurate.
Turbidity Meters:
▪ Modern, accurate devices using light scattering techniques.
▪ Types: Nephelometric and Secchi disk methods.
13
PRINCIPLE - TURBIDITY METERS
14
▪ Nephelometric Method:Through
Nephelometer (Turbidity meter)
▪ Light is passed through the water
sample.
▪ Scattered light is measured.
▪ More scattered light = higher turbidity.
▪ Secchi Disk Method:
▪ For open bodies of water.
▪ A disk is lowered into the water until it is no longer visible.
15
APPARATUS/MATERIALS
▪ Turbidimeter
▪ Distilled water
▪ Beaker
▪ Wash bottle
16
PROCEDURE
▪ Sample Collection: Collect the water sample in clean, non-reactive
containers.
▪ Calibration of the Turbidity Meter
▪ Sample Preparation: Ensure the sample is free from bubbles and large
particles.
▪ Measurement: Place the sample in the meter and record turbidity value
(usually in NTU).
17
OBSERVATION/RESULTS
INTERPRETING RESULTS
• Low Turbidity (< 1 NTU): Clean water, safe for drinking.
• Moderate Turbidity (1 - 5 NTU): Suspended particles, may
need treatment.
• High Turbidity (> 5 NTU): Likely pollution, needs investigation
and treatment.
18
CONCLUSION & COMMENTS
19
SAFETY MEASURES
▪ Wear Lab Coats, Closed toe shoe and masks while performing
experiment.
▪ Tie your hair
▪ Don’t mix any type of solutions especially adding water to the
acids
▪ Keep your bags away from the working area
▪ Report any breakage/spill etc to Lab Engineer/Demo
▪ In case of any emergency, contact with Lab Engineer/Demo and
Lab Technician
20
Thank you
You can contact me at:
romana@iese.nust.edu.pk
051 9085 4289
21

More Related Content

PDF
Lecture 2( Moment distribution method with sway)
PPTX
Curves.pptx
PPTX
Building construction layout
PDF
Concrete bridge-design-to-bs5400
PPTX
CURVES-VSC.pptx
PDF
Civil survey camp traning report file 2018 git jaipur (8741828148)
PDF
Unit 1 basics of construction
PDF
A review of advanced linear repetitive scheduling methods and techniques
Lecture 2( Moment distribution method with sway)
Curves.pptx
Building construction layout
Concrete bridge-design-to-bs5400
CURVES-VSC.pptx
Civil survey camp traning report file 2018 git jaipur (8741828148)
Unit 1 basics of construction
A review of advanced linear repetitive scheduling methods and techniques

What's hot (20)

PPTX
Approximate estimate
PPTX
Resource scheduling in Construction Projects Using MSP
PPTX
Quantity surveyor
PDF
Module 3 - Construction quality and safety by Dr.Vinay Kumar B M
PPT
14 three moment equation
PPTX
Scope of soil engineering
PDF
1. Quality Assurance and Quality Control.pdf
PDF
BBS Preparation
PPTX
PRESENTATION ON SUMMER INTERNSHIP ON MULTISTOREY BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
DOCX
Theodolite report
PPTX
Question & Answers RR&S
PPTX
Power point presentation on inclinometers
PPTX
Summer Internship Presentation on "CONSTRUCTION OF PERMANENT CAMPUS FOR INDIA...
PDF
Summer training report in civil engineering
PDF
Working Stress Method v/s Limit State Method
PDF
Benkelman beam
PDF
Turbidity lab 7
PDF
Report on Industrial training at BRPNNL Patna
PPTX
CPM UNIT 2 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
PDF
Approximate estimate
Resource scheduling in Construction Projects Using MSP
Quantity surveyor
Module 3 - Construction quality and safety by Dr.Vinay Kumar B M
14 three moment equation
Scope of soil engineering
1. Quality Assurance and Quality Control.pdf
BBS Preparation
PRESENTATION ON SUMMER INTERNSHIP ON MULTISTOREY BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Theodolite report
Question & Answers RR&S
Power point presentation on inclinometers
Summer Internship Presentation on "CONSTRUCTION OF PERMANENT CAMPUS FOR INDIA...
Summer training report in civil engineering
Working Stress Method v/s Limit State Method
Benkelman beam
Turbidity lab 7
Report on Industrial training at BRPNNL Patna
CPM UNIT 2 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
Ad

Similar to Lab report Lab report ph and turbidity 1 (20)

PPTX
PH, COD AND TSS
PDF
Laboratory manual of water supply and sewerage engineering
DOC
Water field study
PPTX
Physical Charecteristics of water
PDF
Water Purification in the Laboratory - Lesson Plan
PDF
CE8512-WATER AND WASTE WATER ANALYSIS LABORATORY.pdf
DOCX
Exp 1 (A)
PPTX
18 pH Meter.pptx
PDF
Determination of the Ph &Turbidity Value in Betul Block Five Year
PPTX
Water analysis practical for ph, tds, hardness, acidity, conductivity, and ba...
DOCX
Validation protocol for hold time study of collected water samples
PPTX
EXPERIMENT ON DETERMINATION OF ALKALINITY OF WATER_092039.pptx
DOCX
Sterlization of water using bleaching powder
PPTX
LAB PPT.pptx
PPTX
PPTX
INSTRUMENTAL SEMINAR PH METER BY DR AJITH
PDF
1. matris agua para consumo humano (autoguardado) (12) (1)
PPTX
Errors in pH measurement.pptx
PPTX
WATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT Group work.pptx
PDF
3 lab waterqualityparameters
PH, COD AND TSS
Laboratory manual of water supply and sewerage engineering
Water field study
Physical Charecteristics of water
Water Purification in the Laboratory - Lesson Plan
CE8512-WATER AND WASTE WATER ANALYSIS LABORATORY.pdf
Exp 1 (A)
18 pH Meter.pptx
Determination of the Ph &Turbidity Value in Betul Block Five Year
Water analysis practical for ph, tds, hardness, acidity, conductivity, and ba...
Validation protocol for hold time study of collected water samples
EXPERIMENT ON DETERMINATION OF ALKALINITY OF WATER_092039.pptx
Sterlization of water using bleaching powder
LAB PPT.pptx
INSTRUMENTAL SEMINAR PH METER BY DR AJITH
1. matris agua para consumo humano (autoguardado) (12) (1)
Errors in pH measurement.pptx
WATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT Group work.pptx
3 lab waterqualityparameters
Ad

Recently uploaded (20)

PDF
Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesias Economic Transformation.pdf
DOCX
Epoxy Coated Steel Bolted Tanks for Leachate Storage Securely Contain Landfil...
DOCX
D-360 ESG Series: Sustainable Hospitality Strategies for a Greener Future
PPTX
Arugula. Crop used for medical plant in kurdistant
PDF
Tree Biomechanics, a concise presentation
PDF
Urban Hub 50: Spirits of Place - & the Souls' of Places
PDF
Bai bao Minh chứng sk2-DBTrong-003757.pdf
PPTX
UN Environmental Inventory User Training 2021.pptx
PDF
Effective factors on adoption of intercropping and it’s role on development o...
PPT
PPTPresentation3 jhsvdasvdjhavsdhsvjcksjbc.jasb..ppt
PDF
PET Hydrolysis (polyethylene terepthalate Hydrolysis)
PPTX
Plant_Cell_Presentation.pptx.com learning purpose
PPTX
Green Modern Sustainable Living Nature Presentation_20250226_230231_0000.pptx
PPTX
Office Hours on Drivers of Tree Cover Loss
PPTX
Conformity-and-Deviance module 7 ucsp grade 12
PDF
Earthquake, learn from the past and do it now.pdf
PDF
Effects of rice-husk biochar and aluminum sulfate application on rice grain q...
DOCX
Epoxy Coated Steel Bolted Tanks for Crude Oil Large-Scale Raw Oil Containment...
PPT
Compliance Monitoring report CMR presentation.ppt
PPTX
NOISE-MITIGATION.-pptxnaksnsbaksjvdksbsksk
Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesias Economic Transformation.pdf
Epoxy Coated Steel Bolted Tanks for Leachate Storage Securely Contain Landfil...
D-360 ESG Series: Sustainable Hospitality Strategies for a Greener Future
Arugula. Crop used for medical plant in kurdistant
Tree Biomechanics, a concise presentation
Urban Hub 50: Spirits of Place - & the Souls' of Places
Bai bao Minh chứng sk2-DBTrong-003757.pdf
UN Environmental Inventory User Training 2021.pptx
Effective factors on adoption of intercropping and it’s role on development o...
PPTPresentation3 jhsvdasvdjhavsdhsvjcksjbc.jasb..ppt
PET Hydrolysis (polyethylene terepthalate Hydrolysis)
Plant_Cell_Presentation.pptx.com learning purpose
Green Modern Sustainable Living Nature Presentation_20250226_230231_0000.pptx
Office Hours on Drivers of Tree Cover Loss
Conformity-and-Deviance module 7 ucsp grade 12
Earthquake, learn from the past and do it now.pdf
Effects of rice-husk biochar and aluminum sulfate application on rice grain q...
Epoxy Coated Steel Bolted Tanks for Crude Oil Large-Scale Raw Oil Containment...
Compliance Monitoring report CMR presentation.ppt
NOISE-MITIGATION.-pptxnaksnsbaksjvdksbsksk

Lab report Lab report ph and turbidity 1

  • 1. 1 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-II LAB (CE-341) FALL 2024 (09 SEP 2024 - 12 JAN 2025) EXPERIMENT-1 “MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE, PH & TURBIDITY OF WATER SAMPLES” Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE) NUST
  • 2. THEORY ▪ pH is measure of effective Hydrogen Ion Concentration ▪ Defined as : pH = -log [H+1] ▪ Low pH value corresponds to high concentrations of [H+1] and vice versa ▪ pH value measured on a scale of 0-14 ▪ pH value of 7 reflects neutral solution at 25oC ▪ pH below 7 denote acidity, intensity of acidity increases as the pH value decreases and vice versa ▪ WHO and NEQS suggested a guideline value for pH For drinking water its value should be in range of 6.5-8.5 2
  • 3. 3
  • 4. PRINCIPLE ▪ pH electrode used, is a combined glass electrode which consists of sensing half cell and reference half cell. Sensing half cell is a thin pH sensitive semipermeable membrane ▪ Measures the voltage (electrical potential) produced by the solution whose pH we're interested in, compares it with the voltage of a known solution, and uses the difference in voltage (the "potential difference") between them to deduce the difference in pH. 4
  • 5. ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE ▪ pH value or range is extremely important for any chemical reaction as it highly effective at particular pH ▪ Chemical coagulation, disinfection, water softening and corrosion control are governed by pH adjustment. ▪ Reduction of hexavalent chromium into trivalent chromium also need favorable pH. ▪ Prevents build-up of minerals (scale) on the inside of pipes, fixtures, and hot water heaters. Lengthens the life of some appliances. Reduces or prevents mineral spots on glassware. Prevents or reduces soap films and detergent curds in sinks, bathtubs, and washing machines 5
  • 6. APPARATUS/MATERIALS ▪ pH meter ▪ Beaker ▪ Wash bottle ▪ Buffer solution of different pH value 6
  • 7. PROCEDURE ▪ Switch on the pH meter. ▪ Remove the cap of electrode ▪ Calibrate the pH meter by using different buffer solution of pH 4.0, 7.0 and 10 ▪ Place electrode in the sample ▪ Be sure the entire sensing end is submerged and there are no air bubbles under the electrode ▪ Record pH value when the display is stable ▪ Rinse the electrode with distilled water after each measurement and calibration 7
  • 8. OBSERVATION/RESULTS Sample pH Tape water - Sample 1 - Sample 2 - Sample 3 - 8
  • 10. TURBIDITY OF WATER SAMPLES ▪ Turbidity is a measure of the level of particles such as sediment, plankton, or organic by-products, in a body of water ▪ Cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual/suspended particles. ▪ Degree to which water loses its transparency ▪ It's a key test in assessing water quality. 10
  • 11. ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE ▪ Turbidity can indicate the presence of suspended solids in water, which may include: Organic Matter, Bacteria/Microorganisms,Pollutants ▪ High turbidity can affect aquatic ecosystems and human health Applications • Water Treatment Plants • Monitoring drinking water quality. • Environmental Monitoring • Assessing river, lake, and ocean health. • Wastewater Treatment • Ensuring discharge water meets regulations. 11
  • 12. CAUSES OF TURBIDITY ▪ Common causes of turbidity in water include: ▪ Erosion and runoff ▪ Wastewater discharge ▪ Algae blooms ▪ Urbanization and construction ▪ Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU):The most common unit for measuring turbidity. ▪ Standards:WHO recommends a turbidity level of less than 5 NTU for drinking water. 12
  • 13. METHODS TO MEASURE TURBIDITY Visual Inspection: ▪ Traditional method, less accurate. Turbidity Meters: ▪ Modern, accurate devices using light scattering techniques. ▪ Types: Nephelometric and Secchi disk methods. 13
  • 14. PRINCIPLE - TURBIDITY METERS 14 ▪ Nephelometric Method:Through Nephelometer (Turbidity meter) ▪ Light is passed through the water sample. ▪ Scattered light is measured. ▪ More scattered light = higher turbidity.
  • 15. ▪ Secchi Disk Method: ▪ For open bodies of water. ▪ A disk is lowered into the water until it is no longer visible. 15
  • 16. APPARATUS/MATERIALS ▪ Turbidimeter ▪ Distilled water ▪ Beaker ▪ Wash bottle 16
  • 17. PROCEDURE ▪ Sample Collection: Collect the water sample in clean, non-reactive containers. ▪ Calibration of the Turbidity Meter ▪ Sample Preparation: Ensure the sample is free from bubbles and large particles. ▪ Measurement: Place the sample in the meter and record turbidity value (usually in NTU). 17
  • 18. OBSERVATION/RESULTS INTERPRETING RESULTS • Low Turbidity (< 1 NTU): Clean water, safe for drinking. • Moderate Turbidity (1 - 5 NTU): Suspended particles, may need treatment. • High Turbidity (> 5 NTU): Likely pollution, needs investigation and treatment. 18
  • 20. SAFETY MEASURES ▪ Wear Lab Coats, Closed toe shoe and masks while performing experiment. ▪ Tie your hair ▪ Don’t mix any type of solutions especially adding water to the acids ▪ Keep your bags away from the working area ▪ Report any breakage/spill etc to Lab Engineer/Demo ▪ In case of any emergency, contact with Lab Engineer/Demo and Lab Technician 20
  • 21. Thank you You can contact me at: romana@iese.nust.edu.pk 051 9085 4289 21