Labaratoryservices
- 1. Presented by: RAMESHWAR SATISH KARPOLE LABORATORY SERVICES 1/27/2015 1
- 2. Outline Introduction Defining Lab & Lab Services Types of Lab Lab Services Importance of Lab Services Lab Equipment Lab Information System Lab Safety NABL Conclusion 1/27/2015 2
- 3. A medical laboratory is a place where tests are done on clinical specimens and samples in order to get information about the health of a patient as pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease Laboratory Services include testing of materials, tissues or fluids obtained from a patient or clinical studies to determine the cause and nature of disease 1/27/2015 3
- 4. Medical Laboratories Clinical Pathology Clinical Microbiology Clinical Biochemistry Haematology Histopathology Cytology Routine Pathology Bacteriology Mycobacteriology Virology Mycology Parasitology Immunology Serology Biochemical analysis Hormonal assays 1/27/2015 4
- 5. What are Laboratory Services all about? Laboratory Services play a critical role in the detection, diagnosis and treatment of disease. Samples are collected and examination and analysis of body fluids, tissue and cells are carried out. Main services are: To Perform diagnostic tests To Identify organisms, like E-coli bacteria To Count and classify blood cells to identify infection or disease To Operate complex diagnostic equipment To Perform immunological tests to check for antibodies To Type and cross-match blood samples for transfusions To Analyze DNA 1/27/2015 5
- 6. Services provide.. • Microbiology • Parasitology • Virology • Haematology • Coagulation • Clinical Biochemistry • Toxicology • Immunohaematology/Blood bank 1/27/2015 6
- 7. • Urinalysis • Histopathology • Cytopathology • Electron microscopy • Genetics • Cytogenetics • Surgical pathology • Immunology/Serology 1/27/2015 7
- 9. Lab equipments Basic equipments for all types of routine investigations are: 1) Colorimeter/Photoelectric colorimeter: Its a device that measures the absorbance of particular wavelengths of light by a specific solution 2) Centrifuge: Is a piece of equipment, generally driven by an electric motor that puts an object in rotation around a fixed axis, causing denser substances to separate and by which lighter objects will tend to move on top 3) Water Bath: A device for regulating the temperature of anything subjected to heat, by surrounding the vessel containing it with another vessel containing water which can be kept at a desired temperature 1/27/2015 9
- 10. Continued…………………………. 4) Microscope- Mono Ocular/binocular: Is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye 5) Hot air oven: Are electrical devices used in sterilization 6) Autoclave: Is a device used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at 121 °C for around 15–20 minutes depending on the size of the loads 7) Ph-meter: is an electronic instrument used for measuring the pH (acidity or alkalinity) of a liquid 1/27/2015 10
- 11. Lab equipments 8) Incubator: Is a device used to grow and maintain of course microbiological cultures or cell cultures 9) Automated biochemistry analyzer: Is an instrument designed to measure different chemicals and other characteristics in a number of biological samples quickly, with minimal human assistance 11) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) -Reader : Uses one sub-type of heterogeneous, solid- phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect the presence of a substance, usually an antigen, in a liquid sample or wet sample1/27/2015 11
- 12. Continued…….. 12) Microtome: Is a tool used to cut extremely thin slices of material, known as sections. Its used in microscopy, allowing for the preparation of samples for observation under transmitted light or electron radiation 14) Wax melting bath: Its a device used for electric melting of glues, vinyl compounds , waxes etc. with bottom valve discharge. Heaters are positioned such that melter may be used 1/3, 2/3 and full capacity without overheating contents 15) Hot plate: A hot plate is a portable self-contained tabletop small appliance that features one, two or more gas burners or electric heating elements 1/27/2015 12
- 13. LIS • A lab information system ("LIS") is a class of software that receives, processes, and stores information generated by medical laboratory processes. These systems often must interface with instruments and other information systems such as hospital information systems (HIS) • A LIS is a highly configurable application which is customized to facilitate a wide variety of laboratory workflow models • It is a complete management system that handles all business functions from patient management, results generating, to physician decision making 1/27/2015 13
- 15. Benefits of Lab Information System Doctors • The lab results of critical patients would be notified instantaneously to the doctor • All the lab results would be submitted directly to the doctor Patients • No delay in the execution of doctors’ orders • No need to make repeat visits to collect the results • No mix-up of samples of different patients at the lab Lab Technician • Immediate receipt of the doctors’ orders to perform a lab test • Easier reporting of lab results of the patients 1/27/2015 15
- 16. FUNCTIONS OF THE CLINICAL LABORATORY • Identify the chemical composition of blood and urine samples • Identify and count the different types of cells found in blood and other body fluids • Blood typing and determination of transfusion compatibility between blood donors and recipients • The culturing and identification of bacteria and viruses from sites of infection in the body 1/27/2015 16
- 17. The functional components of the clinical Laboratory • A hospital laboratory work generally falls under the following divisions: • Hematology • Serology • Clinical Chemistry/Biochemistry • Urinalysis • Microbiology • Blood Bank 1/27/2015 17
- 18. Blood Bank • Blood Bank - Collects, tests, types and stores blood donations used for blood transfusions 1/27/2015 18
- 19. Lab Safety and Rules of the Lab 1/27/2015 19
- 20. Safety Symbols • Know safety symbols • They appear in your laboratory activities • They will alert you to possible dangers • They will remind you to work carefully 1/27/2015 20
- 21. Cont… • Wear safety goggles when working with chemicals, flames, or heating devices • Hand safety :Wash hands after every lab for 15 minutes • Handle glassware, sharp tools and heated containers carefully • Electrical Safety:Unplug electrical equipment after use • Heating Safety :Never heat in a closed container , Tie back hair and loose clothes and Never look into a container as you are heating it • Chemical Safety :Read all labels twice before removing a chemical from the container and Transfer chemicals carefully! 1/27/2015 21
- 22. Don’ts… • Enter store room unless given permission • Take any chemicals from lab or store room • Touch any equipment, chemicals, or other materials until instructed to do so • Eat or drink in the lab • Use lab glass-ware to eat or drink out of 1/27/2015 22
- 23. In case of an emergency… • Know the locations of: – fire extinguisher – fire blanket – body shower – eyewash station – first aid kit 1/27/2015 23
- 24. Floor Plan H A E M A T O L O G y Urinol ysis Bioch emist ry Bioc hem istry Histolpa thology Serology Bacterio logy Ancillary Area Venipunctu re cubicle Exam and Test Pathologist office Record room Administrative office Waiting Area Sterilizati on Glass Washing And Cleaning Tech Lock ers Tech Toilet 1/27/2015 24
- 25. NABL • NABL accreditation is a formal recognition of the technical competence of a testing, calibration or medical laboratory for a specific task following ISO/IEC 17025:2005, ISO 15189:2007 Standards. This is based on third party assessment • Accreditation to a laboratory is given on the basis of its capability to perform test(s) / calibration(s) and provide accurate and reliable results. A laboratory may apply for accreditation from as little as one to as many tests / calibrations provided it is performing these in accordance with NABL criteria 1/27/2015 25
- 26. CONTD… • NABL Accreditation is currently given in the following fields: TESTINGLABS • Biological • Chemical • Electrical • Electronics • Fluid-Flow • Mechanical • Non-Destructive • Photometry • Radiological • Thermal CALIBRATIONLABS • Electro- Technical • Mechanical • Fluid Flow • Thermal & Optical • Radiological MEDICALLABS • Clinical Biochemistry • Clinical Pathology • Hematology and Immunohaematolo gy • Microbiology and Serology • Histopathology • Cytopathology • Genetics • Nuclear Medicine 1/27/2015 26
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