Lan pan class 12 ppt
- 1. NETWORK TOPOLOGIES– LAN,PAN DONE BY: T. S. NEHAL KUMAR XII D ROLL NO. 1101
- 2. NETWORK TOPOLOGIES ARE OF TWO TYPES : • PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY • LOGICAL TOPOLOGY
- 3. Physical Topology is the placement of the various components of a network Ex: device location and cable installation
- 4. LOGICAL TOPOLOGY IS THE ARRANGEMENT OF NETWORK DEVICES AND NODES TO FORM A LOGICAL OR PHYSICAL STRUCTURE. THERE ARE VARIOUS TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY THAT CAN BE USED TO ARRANGE THE NETWORK NODE TO FORM THE NETWORK STRUCTURE. EX: twisted pair ethernet .
- 5. LAN is basically a Data Communication Network. In this type of Network, several computers and their peripherals like disc storage devices, printers are connected to a single high speed data line within a limited area. Local Area Network is usually a privately owned network. In LAN, data is divided and transmitted in the form of packets and regenerated back by the receiving computer. LAN IS OF TWO TYPES : • ETHERNET LAN (WIRED CONNECTION) • WLAN (WIRELESS CONNECTION)
- 6. ETHERNET LAN Ethernet LAN uses Ethernet cables to connect the devices in a network. In this type of connection, the network installation is wired and the Switches and Routers are configured using the network settings. Standard Internet Protocol is set, that allows the internet to run on different devices within the network.
- 7. WLAN (Wireless WLAN uses Radio waves as the means of communication . It does not require cables to connect the devices. The advantage of WLAN over LAN is the increased security it offers. The users can access the internet without wired connection (wireless) if they are within the range of the router. With the help of WLAN connection, many devices can be connected simultaneously, provided they all are within the range of the router.
- 8. LOCAL AREA NETWORK(LAN) The three basic topologies of LAN are: • Star Topology • Ring Topology • Bus Topology
- 9. STAR TOPOLOGY In this network, all the nodes are connected to Central Node. The devices are not connected to each other and transmits the messages to the Central Node. The central node is responsible for transmitting the message to the required destination. It is the most widely used topology for LAN’s.
- 10. RING TOPOLOGY In this network, the nodes are interconnected to make a closed loop. Each node communicates with the nodes on its either side with the help of Token (information passing). The nodes with Token are allowed to transmit data. This topology eliminates the connection of nodes with the central node i.e. there is no need of Network Server to control other devices.
- 11. BUS TOPOLOGY In this network, all the nodes including computers and servers are connected to a single cable termed as Bus. This network is easier compared to other networks and is economical. Source node transmits a signal which is broadcast to all the other nodes via Bus cable. Though the message is broadcast, the intended recipient receives the signal. The recipient can accept the signal if its MAC Address or IP Address matches and data transmission occurs in a single direction.
- 12. HOW DOES LAN WORK? To understand how LAN works, consider Fig. 6, which shows the 7- Layers of OSI Model. It is necessary to know the three lower levels of OSI Model i.e. • Physical Layer • Data Link Layer • Network Layer
- 13. PHYSICAL LAYER The Physical Layer transmits raw data bits over communication lines. It deals with establishing physical circuit between devices. Physical Layer protocols and standards are responsible for type of modulation to be used for transmitting digital data over analog transmission lines. It accounts for the components of network like Multiplexers, Repeaters, Modems etc.
- 14. The Data Link Layer is responsible for transferring data over the communication channel provided by the Physical Layer. This layer breaks the data into data frames, transmits the frames sequentially over the channel. Error detection and correction is done and the data is transmitted to Network Layer.
- 15. The Network Layer helps in routing the data across the network from source node to receiving node. This Layer provides interface between a host and the network. Based on Topology used, routing of packets takes place to the receiving device where the conversion of data occurs and the original data is obtained.
- 16. The applications include: • LAN is used for school environment, offices, hospitals etc as it allows sharing of resources like sharing data, scanners, printing and internet. • LAN serves users at home to access internet. • LAN’s are widely used in manufacturing industries where a central server coordinates the activities of other machines. • High speed LANs are typically used to connect many slower networks together.
- 17. ADVANTAGES OF LAN The advantages of LAN are: • Provides high-bandwidth communication. • Transmission medium is inexpensive. • Bandwidth is utilized effectively. • Maintenance is easy.
- 18. The disadvantages of LAN are: • Speed reduces as it includes sharing of resources. • Less Secure. • Requires skilled technicians to setup the network. • Covers Limited area.
- 19. Personal Area Network (PAN) is a the computer network that connects computers/devices within the range of an individual person. As PAN provides a network range within a person’s range typically within a range of 10 meters(33 feet) it is called as Personal Area Network. A Personal Area Network typically involves a computer, phone, tablet, printer, PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) and other and other entertainment devices like speakers, video game consoles etc. Thomas Zimmerman and other researchers at M.I.T.’s Media Lab first developed the concept of PAN