Learning Theories of Operant Conditioning
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The document discusses operant conditioning, a learning theory developed by B.F. Skinner, which focuses on how behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments. It describes concepts such as positive reinforcement, where favorable outcomes follow behaviors to increase them, and negative reinforcement, which strengthens responses by removing unpleasant stimuli. The text also highlights the mixed results of applying these techniques in educational settings, particularly with students who exhibit certain behaviors.
Learning Theories of Operant Conditioning
- 2. Faculty of Education University of Sindh Pakistan Assigned by Dr : Amjad Ali arain Name : Waqar Ali Roll no: 2k17/B.Ed (hons)/82 Topic : Learning Theories of Operant Condition
- 3. ‘LEARNING THEORY OF OPERANT CONDITION’ Operant conditioning was introduced by behaviourist Buhurs Frederic skinner, who believed that organism , while going about it’s every activities, is in the process of operating on the environment. In the course of its activities the organisms encounters a special kind of stimulus called a reinforcing stimulus called or simply a reinforcer. This special stimulus has the effect of increasing the behavior occurring just before the reinforcer American psychologist behaviorist , inventor , author and social philosopher.
- 4. WHAT IS OPERANT CONDITIONING Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior
- 5. “Operant Conditioning” Operant conditioning Reinforcement of Positive behavior (Increase Behavior) Positive It is something that happens after a behavior or even that strengths or increases behavior likely to occur again. Positive reinforcement It is favorable events or outcomes that are presented after the behavior.
- 6. “Negative Reinforcement” In these situations , a response is strengthened by the removal of something considered unpleasant. (Example : Negative reinforcement applied to group of students. We got different types of results may be behavior changes or normal. Some times it gives us good results but sometimes it makes distraction or anxiety. It depends up environment or circumstances
- 7. Punishment Negative behavior It can be positive or negative Positive Punishment give us good results. It can be applied at any place just like Home , Class Room It increase chances of success. We select group of students who are always late comers then we apply positive reinforcement just like assigning them multi-task at a time period thus we call positive punishment.