Principles of classical conditioning
- 1. Principles of classical conditioning ALLPPT.com _ Free PowerPoint Templates, Diagrams and Charts
- 2. Acquisition Acquisition refers to the initial stage of the learning or conditioning process. In this stage, particular response is being associated with a particular stimulus to the point where we can say the organism has "acquired" the response. For example a parrot is taught to repeat the specific words each time the door bell rings. Whenever he will hear a bell he will repeat those words.
- 3. Extinction Extinction is when the occurrences of a conditioned response decrease or disappear. In classical conditioning, this happens when a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus. For example: If door bell is replaced with knocking of the door, the parrot will forget talking in response to the door bell after 4-6 months of this change.
- 4. Spontaneous Recovery Spontaneous Recovery is the reappearance of the conditioned response after a rest period or period of lessened response. For example The Door bell again starts ringing and the parrot is told to repeat the words each time the bell rings. It will again acquire this response.
- 5. Stimulus Generalization Stimulus Generalization is the act or process of responding to a stimulus similar to but distinct from the conditioned stimulus. For Example: If the mobile tone is similar to the soun d of the door bell, the parrot will start talking whene ver the mobile rings.
- 6. Discrimination Discrimination is the ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that have not been paired with an unconditioned stimulus. For example: The parrot will not talk in response to the knocking of door or playing of music.
- 7. conclusion In reality, people do not respond exactly like Pavlov's dogs. There are, however, numerous real-worl d applications for classical conditioning. For example, many dog trainers use classical conditioning technique s to help people train their pets. These techniques are also useful in the treatment of ph obias or anxiety problems. Teachers are able to apply c lassical conditioning in the class by creating a positive classroom environment to help students overcome anxi ety or fear. Pairing an anxiety-provoking situation, such as performing in front of a group, with pleasant surrou ndings helps the student learn new associations