Lec_1_Application of Epidemiology in Public Health.ppt
- 1. Mr. Abdiweli Mohamed Abdi Applied epidemiology
- 2. Course content Introduction to Applied Epidemiology and Major contributors of Epidemiology Identify key sources of data for epidemiologic purposes. Epidemiological study methods Infectious Disease Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 2
- 3. Concept of risk how could we measure risk Methods of measuring epidemiological outcomes Formulate a research question. Identify major epidemiological problems of importance Application of epidemiology in public health 3 25/7/2024
- 4. • Epidemiological information in a scientific report • Recognize potential ethical and legal issues in epidemiological studies • Research Methodology, Scientific writing 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 4
- 5. Course Objectives: • Demonstrate an understanding of the key concepts in the discipline of epidemiology; • Apply epidemiological principles to surveillance and disease control within human populations; 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 5
- 6. • Communicate effectively with researchers from different disciplinary backgrounds; • Select an appropriate study design when confronted with an epidemiological investigation; 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 6
- 7. • Question and develop a detailed study protocol capable of answering a given research question; 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 7
- 8. • Analyze and interpret epidemiological data derived from cross-sectional, case- control and follow-up studies ;propose appropriate solutions and mitigatory measures to control epidemic conditions 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 8
- 9. Definition of applied epidemiology The study of the frequency and distribution of disease in human populations as applied to public health practices. 9 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health
- 10. • Applied epidemiology involves the application of epidemiologic methods to address public health issues. • It plays a vital role in disease surveillance, outbreak investigations, program evaluation, and policy development. 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 10
- 11. • By using data and evidence-based approaches, applied epidemiologists help to inform public health interventions and improve population health outcomes. • In short, Applied Epidemiology is ‘Epidemiology in Action’ 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 11
- 12. Major events in Epidemiology 1347- 1351 1955 Eradication of smallpox declared by WHO. Polio Vaccine was introduced 1980 Plague epidemic in Europe (Black Death: 25,000,000) AIDS cases were diagnosed in USA. 1981 2019 Covid-19 pandemic Global deaths: 6,984,631 Somalia: 1,361.
- 13. Major contributors in Epidemiology Hippocrates 400 BC Documenting, analyzing and interpreting mortality data. John Graunt 1662 He documented patterns of diseases John snow 1854 Conducted the classical study in 1854 when an epidemic of cholera developed in the golden square of London. Alexander Langmuir 1951 The epidemiological intelligence service (surveillance) at the CDC. 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 13
- 14. Key Concepts in applied epidemiology 1. Disease Surveillance: Applied epidemiologists collect and analyze health data to monitor disease trends, identify outbreaks, and track the impact of interventions. 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 14
- 15. 2. Outbreak Investigations: During disease outbreaks, applied epidemiologists investigate the source of the outbreak, identify risk factors, and implement control measures to prevent further spread. 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 15
- 16. 3. Program Evaluation: Applied epidemiology is used to evaluate the effectiveness of public health programs and interventions, helping to assess their impact on population health. 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 16
- 17. 4. Policy Development: Epidemiological evidence is crucial in informing public health policies and guidelines, guiding decision- making at local, national, and global levels. 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 17
- 18. 5. Health Equity: Applied epidemiology plays a key role in addressing health inequities by identifying disparities in health outcomes and informing interventions to promote health equity. 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 18
- 19. 19 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health
- 20. EPIDEMILOGY PROVIDES INTELLIGENCE FOR HEALTH ACTION J. N. MORRIS INTELLIGENCE MEANS INFORMATION REGARDING THE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH & DISEASE AND THEIR OCCURRENCE & MAGNITUDE IN POPULATIONS FOR TAKING HEALTH ACTION 20 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health
- 21. Individual decisions. When people decide to stop smoking, take the stairs instead of the elevator, order a salad instead of a cheeseburger, they may be influenced, consciously or unconsciously but these decisions will affect their health and wellbeing. 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 21
- 22. In the 1950’s, epidemiologists documented the increased risk of lung cancer among smokers; in the mid-1980’s, epidemiologists identified the increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection associated with certain sexual and drug-related behaviors. 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 22
- 23. These type of epidemiologic findings are directly relevant to the choices that people make every day and that affect their health over a lifetime. 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health 23
- 24. References • The Development of Modern Epidemiology,Walter W. Holland,Jorn Olsen,& Charles Du V.Florey; Oxford University Press,2007.1st edition • Paddasree Dr.Rekha Dutta,India(Internet) • Epidemiology -its perspectives & applications, Dr. A.K.Avasarala Dr. A.K.Avasarala MBBS,MD MBBS,MD 24 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health
- 25. THANK YOU 25 25/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health
Editor's Notes
- #1: <WELCOME learners to Introduction to Public Health and provide your background.> Go to next slide.
- #2: Welcome, ohseeoh, salama, bongiorno, guten tag, Whan yong/ hamnida, huan ying, bienvenidos, Sawadee\__khrb This lecture is on the role of epidemiology in public health. It is also a chance to complete the course and to summarize what we have learned.
- #12: SAY: The first lens we look through encompasses the control of disease and promotion of health through sanitation to ensure a healthy environment. Here are three examples of how public health has worked to contain infectious disease through environmental measures. Around 500 BCE, the ancient Greeks and Romans actively practiced community sanitation measures. Approximately 2 millennia later, the Public Health Act of 1848 was established. It provided a central board of health and placed responsibilities for sanitation in the hands of boroughs. In 1970, the Nixon Administration established the Environmental Protection Agency, which protects human health by safeguarding air, water, and land. GO to next slide.