Lect5 organization
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The document discusses the basic components of a computer's organization and design. It describes how a program is a set of instructions that specify the processing sequence. An instruction code is divided into an operation code and operand. The operation code defines the operation like ADD or SUB, while the operand is the data it acts on. It also discusses addressing modes like immediate, direct, and indirect addressing. The document lists the basic computer registers and their functions for manipulating and holding data and addresses. It describes the data transfer process between memory, registers, and the bus.
Lect5 organization
- 1. 10/26/2014 1 Computer Organization Instructors : Dr. Abdul Raouf Khan Mr.Marwan El-Haj Basic Computer Organization and Design :Program: It is a set of instructions, that specify the sequence by which processing has to occur. Instruction code: Is a group of bits that instruct the computer to perform a specific operation. It is divided into two parts: a) Operation code b) Operand
- 2. 10/26/2014 2 Operation code: The operation code (op code) is a group of bits that define the operation to be performed e.g. ADD, SUB, MUL, XOR, etc The op code has at least ‘n’ bits for a given 2n (or less) distinct operations. Operand The operand is the data on which action is to be performed e. g ADD B Mov x Etc
- 3. 10/26/2014 3 Stored Program Organization Addressing 1. Immediate addressing: when the second part of the an instruction code specifies an operand, the instruction is said to have an immediate operand 2. Direct addressing: when the second part of an instruction code specifies the address of an instruction
- 4. 10/26/2014 4 Addressing contd 3. Indirect addressing: when the second part of an instruction code specifies the address of a memory word in which the address of an operand is found, the instruction is said to have an indirect address. Instruction format
- 5. 10/26/2014 5 Computer Registers The computer needs processor registers for manipulating data and a register for holding address. The following are the registers needed for a basic computer and there functions are listed as well Computer Registers
- 7. 10/26/2014 7 Data transfer Bus register / memory From Memory to Bus Read Control of Memory Should be 1 S2 S1 S0 Decimal equivalent Register 0 0 1 1 AR 0 1 0 2 PC 0 1 1 3 DR 1 0 0 4 AC 1 0 1 5 IR 1 1 0 6 TR 1 1 1 7 Memory Data transfer From bus to register Register bus , load input LD = 1 From bus to memory Write input WR = 1
- 8. 10/26/2014 8 Question? Can We Swap the Contents of two registers in one Cycle? Explain