Lecture 1 (1).pdf iNTRODUCTION to Artificial
- 2. OUTLINES What is Artificial Intelligence? Why to study it? Course Objectives AI research and applications With examples 2
- 3. COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES CLO To learn fundamental techniques of artificial intelligence, including symbolic programming knowledge representation, search, inference, learning, and planning. Neural Networks Machine learning 3
- 4. BOOKS 4 Ivan Bratko,Addison Wesley 2009, ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780201403756 Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig, “3/E, Prentice Hall 2010, ISBN-13: 9780132126847. Prolog Programming for Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach
- 5. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL ? From Dictionary: Made by man, not natural Example: artificial flowers, artificial lights In computer we need an agent An agent is an entity that perceives and acts A computer application designed to automate certain tasks Example: gathering information online. What is rational agent? Rational behavior: doing the right thing 5
- 6. WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE? البشري الذكاء Human Intelligence وتعلمها االشياء فهم على القدرة االستنتاج و الحس , االستنباط , التحليل , االدراك 6
- 7. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) يحاول الذي العلم ذلك هو محاكاة البشري الذكاء Science that study the simulation of the human intelligence perceiving, thinking, learning and acting. o The attempt to make computers “more intelligent”. o To understand the nature of human intelligence. o Emulate/simulate/mimcs 7
- 8. 10/14/2024 Four categories AI definitions : 1.Systems that think like humans. 2.Systems that think rationally. 3.Systems that act like humans. 4.Systems that act rationally.
- 9. 9 AI is the reproduction of human reasoning and intelligent behavior by computational methods Intelligent behavior Humans Computer AI? an attempt of
- 10. 10 Act like humans Act rationally Think like humans Think rationally AI? (R&N) Discipline that systematizes and automates reasoning processes to create machines that:
- 11. 11 The goal of AI is to create computer systems that perform tasks regarded as requiring intelligence when done by humans AI Methodology: Take a task at which people are better, e.g.: • Prove a theorem • Play chess • Plan a surgical operation • Diagnose a disease • Navigate in a building and build a computer system that does it automatically But do we want to duplicate human imperfections? Act like humans Act rationally Think like humans Think rationally
- 12. 12 Here, how the computer performs tasks does matter The reasoning steps are important Ability to create and manipulate symbolic knowledge (definitions, concepts, theorems, …) Act like humans Act rationally Think like humans Think rationally
- 13. 13 Now, the goal is to build agents that always make the “best” decision given what is available (knowledge, time, resources) “Best” means maximizing the expected value of a utility function Connections to economics and control theory What is the impact of self-consciousness, emotions, desires, love for music, fear of dying, etc ... on human intelligence? Act like humans Act rationally Think like humans Think rationally
- 14. 14 Main Areas of AI Knowledge representation (including formal logic) Search, especially heuristic search (puzzles, games) Planning Reasoning under uncertainty, including probabilistic reasoning Learning Agent architectures Robotics and perception Natural language processing Search Knowledge rep. Planning Reasoning Learning Agent Robotics Perception Natural language ... Expert Systems Constraint satisfaction
- 15. WHY STUDY AI? Search engines Labor Science Medicine/ Diagnosis Appliances What else? 15
- 16. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE MOVIES 16
- 17. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN REAL LIFE Face detection Formal verification 17
- 20. IMPORTANT AI RESEARCH AND APPLICATION AREAS 1. Game Playing 2. Expert Systems 3. Natural Language Understanding and Semantic Modeling 4. Vision 5. Planning and Robotics 6. Languages and Environments for AI 7. Machine Learning 8. Automated Reasoning and Theorem Proving 9. Alternative Representations: Neural Nets and Genetic Algorithms 20
- 21. GAME PLAYING 21
- 22. EXPERT SYSTEMS ES الخبيرة النظم 22
- 26. ROBOTS 26
- 27. NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING NLP To analyze and process natural languages Text Mining Extracting reliable information from text Search Engines Context based search engines Spell checker in Google 27
- 28. IMAGE PROCESSING Examples: Plate number recognition (sahir) Character recognition (Google books) Medical recognition (diagnosis ) 28
- 30. The ability to: acquire and learn faster Make right Decisions Discover mistakes and correction Experience transmission Distinguish between the different kinds of knowledge The innovations A human can do some things better than a computer 30
- 31. A COMPUTER CAN DO SOME THINGS BETTER THAN A HUMAN CAN Speed in computation Do repetitions Information Storage and retrieval Low cost 31
- 32. WHAT YOU KNOW What is AI? Why to study it? Course Objectives AI research and applications With examples 32