Lecture 1
- 2. 2 Name Of Course/Module Chemical Process Industries Course Code Ch.E-103 Name of Academic Staff Engr. Tayyab Ali Rationale for the inclusion of course in the program To familiarize students with conversion of raw materials into finished products on industrial scale using conventional and green technology. Semester 2nd Credit Value (3,1) Knowledge Area Engineering Foundation
- 3. 3 Objectives 1. To introduce students with the understanding of technical and economic problems used in chemical process industries 2. To help them understanding the value of chemicals, the type of problems met in their production, and the methods for solving these problems in the chemical industry. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, students should be able to: 1. Consider the chemical processing of raw materials into useful and profitable products. 2. Extensive use of flowcharts approach allows the students to visualize a series of rational connected steps for a process, greatly reducing the memorization so frequently required by the academic chemical reaction approach.
- 4. Marks Distribution4 Description Percentage Observations Attendance 5% Strict Compliance, also includes class performance Assignments 5% Knowledge about the chemical industry 1st Quiz 10% Before Mid Term 2nd Quiz 10% After Mid Term Mid Paper 30% - Final Paper 40% Mid term course will also be included
- 5. Course Outline Introduction to the process flow sheeting, flow diagrams, standard symbols Detailed study of following group of industries: Water treatment Silicate industries (Cement, Glass and Ceramics) Agro based industries (Pulp & Paper, Soap & Detergent, Oil & Ghee, Sugar) Acid industries (Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid and Phosphoric acid) Alkali industries (Soda ash, Caustic soda and ammonia) Fertilizer industries (NPK based fertilizer) Classified chemicals (Insecticides, Explosives and Surface coating industries) Petrochemicals 5
- 6. Objective The objectives may be summarized by stating that it has been the endeavor to present the various chemical processes in a generalized form through the correlation into flow sheets and descriptive text of the following: a. Unit processes: chemical change. b. Unit operations: physical change. c. Physical chemistry: equilibriums and reaction rates. d. Economics: costs, statistics, and consumption. e. Energy and power: chemical as well as electrical and mechanical. 6
- 7. Recommended Books7 Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries George T. Austin A text Book of Chemical Technology G. N. Pandey Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry J. A. Kent Chemical Process Technology J. Moulijin M. Makkee A. Van Diepen • Main text book for this subject is Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries
- 9. Chemical Engineering Chemical engineering is that branch of engineering concerned with the development and application of manufacturing processes in which chemical or certain physical changes of materials are involved. These processes may usually be resolved into a coordinated series of unit physical operations and unit chemical processes. The work of the chemical engineer is concerned primarily with the design, construction, and operation of equipment and plants in which these unit operations and processes are applied. Chemistry, physics, and mathematics are the underlying sciences of chemical engineering, and economics its guide in practice. 9 Chemical Engineering = Unit Processes + Unit Operations Chemical Changes Physical Changes
- 10. Unit Processes The unit process is a very useful concept for technical chemical change. In unit process, processing of reactant in the feed takes place i.e. reactants in feed get converted into products (by chemical reaction)with the help of either energy supplied to the system or generated by the system This naturally includes the machinery needed and the economics involved, as well as the physical and chemical phases." 10
- 11. Unit Operations The unit operation is a physical change connected with the industrial handling of chemicals or allied materials; it frequently is tied in with the unit process as when heat flows into an endothermic chemical reaction or out of an exothermic reaction. The unit operation may also be distinctly separated from the chemical change as when, by "flow of fluid," a liquid is moved from one part of an industrial establishment to another. In unit operations the mass and concentration change takes place (between entrance and exit points)by providing energy from an external source and no chemical change takes place. (for example distillation, evaporation, mixing, etc.) 11
- 12. Principal Unit Processes & Operations Unit Processes Unit Operations 1. Combustion 2. Oxidation 3. Neutralization 4. Silicate Formation 5. Causticization 6. Electrolysis 7. Double Decomposition 8. Calcination, Dehydration 9. Nitration 10. Esterification 11. Reduction 12. Halogenation 13. Sulfonation 14. Hydrolysis 15. Hydrogenation 16. Alkylation 17. Condensation 18. Polymerization etc. 1. Fluid Dynamics 2. Heat Transfer Vs. Cooling 3. Evaporation 4. Humidification 5. Gas Absorption 6. Solvent Extraction 7. Adsorption 8. Distillation & Sublimation 9. Drying, High-vacuum distillation 10. Mixing 11. Sedimentation Vs. Fluidization 12. Filtration 13. Screening 14. Crystallization Vs. Extraction 15. Centrifugation 16. Size reduction Vs. Size enlargement 17. Materials Handling 12
- 13. Assignment # 1 Draw table using MS Office Word representing; “What type of unit process/unit operation is being used in plant/industry to produce which type of product by using any specified equipment?” As Such; 13 Unit Process Industry or Product Equipment 1. Combustion Fuel and Power Boilers (Steel, firebrick)
- 14. 14 THANKS!