Lecture # 1 foundation
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The document outlines the key topics that will be covered in a lecture on chemical process economics, including the foundations of engineering economy, analysis of costs and profitability, optimization techniques, decision-making under risk and uncertainty, and the importance of ethics in decision-making. The lecture will teach students the fundamentals, methods, and full process of evaluating engineering projects and determining the best choice among alternatives.
Lecture # 1 foundation
- 1. Lecture # 1 Foundation 1-1 Dr. A. Alim
- 2. Chemical Process Economics II Foundation of engineering economy. Interest / Time value of money: Compounding factors. Gradient factors. Effects of inflation. Nominal and effective interest rates. Variable interest rates. 1-2Slide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights Reserved
- 3. Chemical Process Economics II Analysis of cost estimation: Money business cycle Capital costs. Product costs. Depreciation and Depletion. Taxes and Economic Value Added (EVA). Disposal of Assets. 1-3Slide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights Reserved
- 4. Chemical Process Economics II Analysis of profitability: Measures of profitability. Investment alternatives - PW and AW. IRR and incremental analysis. Replacement / Retention. Public sector projects Breakeven analysis Optimization. Systems with no constraints: One variable and multivariable. Systems with constraints: Linear and nonlinear programming. 1-4Slide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights Reserved
- 5. Chemical Process Economics II Variation and Decision Making Under Risk: Sensitivity analysis. Decision Trees. Certainty, risk and uncertainty. Expected value analysis (EV). Random variables / sampling. Probability distribution functions. 1-5Slide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights Reserved
- 6. What is Engineering Economy and why it is important to study? Engineering designs must satisfy: - Technical feasibility : the solution obeys the laws of nature and science. - Technical efficiency: best solution should generate least waste, consumes least energy,..etc. In addition to technical requirements, there are always economic requirements: - Economic feasibility: solutions proposed must not exceed budget limits. - Economic efficiency: The most economical of many alternatives should be selected. 1-6 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights ReservedSlide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012
- 7. Engineering Economy Every technical solution has financial consequences. Engineering economic analysis determines whether a proposed solution is financially viable. Will it pay? Is this the minimum cost solution? Will it generate an acceptable return? Three major types of engineering economic decisions: Profit enhancing programs Cost control programs Public improvement programs. 1-7 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights ReservedSlide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012
- 8. Engineering Economic Decisions Profit Enhancing Programs: projects designed to generate revenues. New product development New product acquisition Product/service capacity expansion Improved customer service 1-8 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights ReservedSlide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012
- 9. Engineering Economic Decisions Cost Control Programs: projects designed to generate savings. Improving efficiency Streamlining operations Eliminating waste / Reducing costs Reducing liabilities 1-9 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights ReservedSlide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012
- 10. Engineering Economic Decisions Public Improvement Programs: government entities also make capital expenditures. Increased public satisfaction Increased public safety Improved infrastructure 1-10 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights ReservedSlide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012
- 11. Investment Categories New business New products or services. Expansion Capacity increase. Replacement Replacement/Retention decision. Abandonment Eliminating products, services, or capacity. 1-11 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights ReservedSlide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012
- 12. Investment Decisions Invest Releases funds to start a project Do Not Invest Eliminates the project from further consideration Wait (Delay) Time to gather information about the future can aid in decision-making 1-12 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights ReservedSlide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012
- 13. The Decision Making Process 1. Understand the problem – define objectives 2. Collect relevant information 3. Define the set of feasible alternatives 4. Identify the criteria for decision making 5. Evaluate the alternatives and apply sensitivity analysis and risk potential. 6. Select the “best” alternative 7. Implement the alternative and monitor results 1-13Slide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights Reserved
- 14. The Decision Making Process Successful application of decision making process requires: * Technical ability, good understanding of fundamentals of engineering economics. * Strict adherence to codes of ethics. 1-14 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights ReservedSlide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012
- 15. Ethics – Different Levels Universal morals or ethics – Fundamental beliefs: stealing, lying, harming or murdering another are wrong Personal morals or ethics – Beliefs that an individual has and maintains over time; how a universal moral is interpreted and used by each person Professional or engineering ethics – Formal standard or code that guides a person in work activities and decision making 1-15Slide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights Reserved
- 16. Code of Ethics for Engineers All disciplines have a formal code of ethics. National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) maintains a code specifically for engineers; many engineering professional societies have their own code 1-16Slide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights Reserved
- 17. In this course, you will learn: The fundamentals of engineering economy (time value of money, interest, economic equivalence) To perform the 7-steps in the economic decision making process To financially evaluate engineering projects under certainty, risk, uncertainty, and multiple options Numerous methods in which to determine the best choice from a feasible set with multi-attributes To solve a variety of problems dealing with capital investments 1-17Slide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights Reserved
- 18. You will appreciate: The basics of making a capital investment decision. The risk associated with capital investments. The level at which most companies invest. The “globalization” of our world, as companies make investments all over the world in various currencies. The entire decision-making process. 1-18Slide Sets to accompany Blank & Tarquin, Engineering Economy, 7th Edition, 2012 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y All Rights Reserved