Lecture 1 Introduction to Emerging Technology.pptx

WACHEMO UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
IntroductiontoEmergingTechnologies
Lecture # 1
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Objective of the Course
•To keep up the emerging technology(ETs), its trends,
tools , techniques, applications.
•To describe the different Emerging technologies of the
21th century.
•To understand the ethical and professional value of the
various fields.
•To see the impacts of other different ETs in economy,
education, and society.
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Chapter Objective and Outline
• Evolution of Technologies
 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
 The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
 Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
• Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
• Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
 List of some Programmable devices
• Human to Machine Interaction
 Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
• Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
 Emerging technology trends in 2019
 Some emerging technologies that will shape the future of you and your business
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Chapter objective:
At the end of this chapter students should able to:
• Describe the what is emerging technology and its evolutional trends
• Identify the major industrial revolution changes
• Understand the role of data for emerging technology
• List some of the future of emerging technology trends of 21th century
Outline of the chapter:

Emerging Technologies
• Emerging Technologies(ETs) are engineering and science-based innovations with the
potential to create a new industry or transform an existing one into the next level.
• It include a variety of technologies such as
• Educational Technology,
• Information Technology,
• Nanotechnology,
• Biotechnology,
• The Major issues and feature in the emergence of technologies are:
• (i) radical novelty,
• (ii) relatively fast growth,
• (iii) coherence,
• Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe a new technology, but it may also
refer to the continuing development of existing technology;
 Have slightly different meanings when used in different areas, such as media, business, health,
education etc.
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• Cognitive science,
• Psychotechnology,
• Robotics, and
• Artificial intelligence.
(iv) prominent impact, and
(v) uncertainty & ambiguity.

Evolution of Technologies
• It refers to technologies that are currently developing, or that are expected to be
available within the next five to ten years, and
• Is usually reserved for technologies that are creating or are expected to create
significant social or economic effects.
• Technological evolution is a theory of radical transformation of society through
technological development. The technology evolution and user interactions tightly
depends on each other.
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Evolution of Technologies (cont..)
What is the root word of technology and evolution?
• Technology is defined as emerging when it causes a radical change to business,
industry, or society or is also considered emerging when it is not widespread in a
particular context.
 It is labeled as emerging in a particular context (domain, place, or application) but
can be established elsewhere.
• Evolution: means the process of developing by gradual changes. i.e. ET has no
limited or fixed life.
• List of some currently available emerged technologies
 Artificial Intelligence
 Blockchain
 Augmented Reality & Virtual Reality
 Cloud Computing
 Big Data
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 Angular and React
 DevOps
 Internet of Things (IoT)
 Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
 Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)

Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
• Industrial Revolution at its core occurs when a society shifts from using tools to
make products to use new sources of energy, such as coal, to power machines in
factories.
• The revolution started in England, a series of innovations to make labor more
efficient and productive (IR1.0).
 The Industrial Revolution was a time when the manufacturing of goods moved
from small shops and homes to large factories.
 This shift brought about changes in culture as people moved from rural areas to
big cities in order to work.
• The American Industrial Revolution(IR2.0) commonly referred to as the
Second Industrial Revolution, started sometime between 1820 and 1870.
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Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR) …
• From the first industrial revolution (mechanization through water and steam
power) to the mass production and assembly lines using electricity in the second,
• fourth industrial revolution will take what was started in the third with the adoption
of computers and automation and enhance it with smart and autonomous systems
fueled by data and machine learning.
• Generally, the following industrial revolutions fundamentally changed and
transfer the world around us into modern society.
 The steam engine,
 The age of science and mass production, and
 The rise of digital technology
 Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine learning.
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The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
• Major Important Inventions of IR1.0-4.0 are:-
 Transportation: The Steam Engine, Railroad, Diesel Engine, & Airplane.
 Communication: The Telegraph, Transatlantic Cable, Phonograph, & Telephone.
 Industry: The Cotton Gin, Sewing Machine & Electric Lights.
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Historical Background of IR
• Industrial revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1770s before spreading to the rest of
Europe.
• The first European countries to be industrialized after England were Belgium, France, and
the German states.
• The final cause of the Industrial Revolution was the effects created by the Agricultural
Revolution.
• As previously stated, the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 18th century due in
part to an increase in food production, which was the key outcome of the Agricultural
Revolution.
• Four types of industries are:
 Primary industry involves getting raw materials e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
 Secondary industry involves manufacturing e.g. making cars and steel.
 Tertiary industries provide a service e.g. teaching and nursing.
 Quaternary industry involves research and development industries e.g. IT.
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Historical Background of IR1.0-4.0 …

• Technological changes of IR1.0-4.0 :
 Use of new basic materials- chiefly iron and steel
 Use of new energy sources- both fuels and motive power(coal, steam engine, electricity,
petroleum etc.)
 Invention of new machines- spinning jenny,& Power loom
 New organization of work- increase division of labor
 Importance development in transportation and communication ( automobile, airplane,
telegraph and radio)
 Increasing applications of science & Engineering to industry
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Historical Background of IR 1.0-4.0 …

Evolution Process Technologies Activities
IR 1.0
(1760s)
Transition to new
manufacturing of goods &
services
Water & Steam Power From hand production methods to machines,
Increasing use of steam power (see figure below),
Development of machine tools and the rise of the
factory system.
IR 2.0
(1870s)
Development of methods
for manufacturing of
goods & services
Telegraph & Railroad
networks
New technological systems were introduce, such as
electrical power & telephones
Adoption of pre-existing technological systems
IR 3.0
(1950s)
Transition from
mechanical & analog
electronic technology to
digital electronics
Computer, Headphones &
the Internet
 Proliferation of digital computers and digital
record.
IR 4.0
(present)
Controlled by computer-
based algorithms- cyber
physical system(tightly
integrated with the
Internet & its users)
Robotics, Internet of
Things, Additive
manufacturing &
Autonomous vehicles
 Advancements in various technologies
 Adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Provide life to Autonomous Vehicles and
Automated Robots
13

14
Anybody connected device (ABCD)

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Historical Background of IR 1.0-4.0 …

Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
• Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset since we are living in the age
of big data, and drives or even determines the future of science, technology, the
economy, and possibly everything in our world today and tomorrow.
• Data have not only triggered tremendous hype and buzz but more importantly,
presents enormous challenges that in turn bring incredible innovation and
economic opportunities.
• This reshaping and paradigm-shifting are driven not just by data itself but all
other aspects that could be created, transformed, and/or adjusted by
understanding, exploring, and utilizing data.
• The preceding trend and its potential have triggered new debate about data-
intensive scientific discovery as an emerging technology, the so-called “fourth
industrial revolution-CPS” .
• Information/ Knowledge Hierarchy
Data Information Knowledge Wisdom
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Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
• In the world of digital electronic systems, there are four basic kinds of devices:
o memory, microprocessors, logic, and networks.
 Memory devices store random information such as the contents of a spreadsheet
or database.
 Microprocessors execute software instructions to perform a wide variety of tasks
such as running a word processing program or video game.
 Logic devices provide specific functions, including device-to-device interfacing,
data communication, signal processing, data display, timing and control
operations, and almost every other function a system must perform.
 Network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices,
peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data.
 An excellent example of a network is the Internet, which connects millions of people all over
the world
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• Programmable devices usually refer to chips that incorporate with in each of the
electronic devices whose operations are controlled by a stored program that can be
changed or replaced.
• Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) are devices that work on a programmable logic
the logic (the way to do something) comes from a program code stored in the device.
• This program code comprises instructions for the device.
• PLDs are made using an integrated circuit with a code given to the system.
 A Simple Programmable Logic Device is used in applications where only a small number of I/Os
are required.
o It is the cheapest, smallest and least-power consuming type of PLDs.
 A Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD) use an applications involving larger I/Os, but data
processing is relatively low & are denser than SPLDs but have better functional abilities.
 A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) has an entire logic system integrated on a single chip
that offers excellent flexibility for reprogramming to the system designers.
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• Programmable devices are used in a wide variety of applications
ranging from data processing and storage, to instrumentation,
telecommunications, and digital signal processing.
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• Why is a computer referred to as a programmable device?
• Because what makes a computer is that it follows a set of instructions written
by programmers.
• Many electronic devices are computers that perform only one operation, but they
are still following instructions that reside permanently in the unit(Memory).
• A full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service Enabling
Devices (SEDs), which can include:
 Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit (DSU)
 Modems
 Routers
 Switches
 Conferencing equipment
 Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
 Hosting equipment and servers
List of some Programmable devices
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• What is interaction in human-computer interaction?
 HCI is the study of how people interact with machine and to what extent computers are
or are not developed for successful interaction with human beings via user interfaces.
 It consists of three parts: the user, the computer itself, and the ways they work together.
• How do users interact with computers?
 The user interacts directly with hardware for the human input and output such as displays, e.g. via a
graphical user interface(GUI).
 The user interacts with the computer over this software interface using the given input and output (I/O)
hardware.
• How important is human-computer interaction?
 The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction between users and computers by making
computers more user-friendly and receptive to the user's needs.
 The main advantages of HCI are simplicity, ease of deployment & operations and cost savings for
smaller set-ups, reduce solution design time and integration complexity
Human to Machine Interaction(HCI)
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Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
• Emerging technology trends in 2019
 5G Networks
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Autonomous Devices
 Blockchain
 Augmented Analytics
 Digital Twins
 Enhanced Edge Computing and
 Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces
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• Technology is always innovative and can be used for constructive
development of mankind like detection of natural catastrophes, medicine
exclusively an invention of vaccines for life-threatening diseases, and in
space science.
• “Technology and business are inextricably interwoven. I don’t think anybody
can talk meaningfully about one without talking about the other.” - Bill Gates

1. Mobile Health (mHealth): Services such as remote-monitoring, e-visits, and e-prescribing are all enabled
by mobile devices and applications.
2. Robotics: Already implemented in healthcare today, the application of robotics in the healthcare
industry range from robotic arms for amputees and micro-robots repairing damage from the inside to
robo-assistants in surgeries.
3. Wearables
• The increasing use of wearables enables two impactful use cases in the healthcare industry: real-
time and remote patient monitoring.
• Making use of the data gathered by wearable devices grants the possibility to analyze a patient’s
health status and even suggest the appropriate treatment.
• Examples of wearables range from devices monitoring blood glucose levels and blood pressure
(bio-sensing wearables) to digital hearing aids.
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Some emerging technologies in Medical Fields
Why health sectors use emerging technology?
The main functions of emerging technology in health sectors are
 Improve population health care
 Preventing Medication errors
 Maintain security and privacy issues
Interconnect the experts from different domain areas
Cross the quality of Chasm/Gap
Smooth and Ease of work flow

4. 3D Imaging, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR)
• These technologies radically improve the current state of education, training, and
treatment in the healthcare industry. In conjunction with AR and VR, medical
professionals are enabled to view organs and tissue via scan, increasing the success of
surgeries.
• Using 3D Imaging, virtual and augmented reality in a live environment leads to higher accuracy,
ultimately minimizing the chance of damage.
5. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Though artificial intelligence (AI) is not yet extensively employed in the healthcare
industry, this technology will essentially alter the way patients are treated. Within the
next decade, software algorithms will disrupt current practices by carrying out tasks that
generally require human intelligence.
• From Chatbots providing diagnostics based on symptom input and automation supporting physicians in
image-based diagnostics and making smart diagnoses – AI effectively reduces the risk of human errors.
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Some emerging technologies in Medical Fields…

Challenges of ETS
• In particular, the risks posed by ETs require a rethinking of what constitutes a
durable framework for disrupt strategic stability all over the world.
• Emerging technologies have generated new opportunities while creating new legal
challenges, particularly related to copyrights, trademarks, patents, royalties, and
licensing.
• For example, the development of new digital communication technologies and
media has given rise to novel issues relating to the digital reproduction and
distribution of copyrighted works.
• Another good example is cyber attacks take takes place everywhere in many aspects.
• Imposing serious ethical, social, economic, personal, environmental, national and
international security risks
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Lecture 1 Introduction to Emerging Technology.pptx

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