Lecture 1 Structure Systems Basics
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This document discusses different types of structural systems. It defines structure and explains that structures can be man-made or natural. Man-made structures are constructed by humans, while natural structures occur without human involvement. The document then discusses four main types of structural systems: section/bulk active systems using rigid elements to redirect forces through bending; vector active systems using tension and compression elements; form active systems relying on flexible elements and particular shapes; and surface active systems using planar elements under tension, compression or shear. Examples are provided for each type of structural system.
Lecture 1 Structure Systems Basics
- 1. Structural System and Importance Course Code ARC 234 Lovely School of Architecture & Design Lovely Professional University Lecture 1
- 2. Structural Systems, LSAD 2 Structure is the performance of pattern! The structure could be for everything life, system of being. Social, economical, musical, biological, and chemical. Relationship between the matter and the space. Structure ? Human Skeleton- A Structure
- 3. Structural Systems, LSAD 3 Man-made structures are made by humans, whereas natural structures are structures that occur naturally. Man-Made Structures and Natural structures Man Made Structures Natural Structures
- 4. Structural Systems, LSAD 4 Relation Between Man-Made Structures and Natural structures Lotus Temple, Delhi inspired by Lotus Flower Beijing National Stadium, inspired by bird’s nest Supertrees, Singapore, are shaped like giant tree
- 5. Structural Systems, LSAD 5 STRUCTURE Structure is a fundamental, tangible or intangible notion construction or framework of identifiable elements (components,entities, factors, members, parts, steps, etc.) which gives form and stability, and resists stresses and strains. The basic frame work and skeleton provided for both erection and stability of any structure consist of two portion: 1. substructure 2. superstructure
- 6. Structural Systems, LSAD 6 The relationship of structure to building The simplest way of describing the function of structure is to say that it is the part of a building which resists the loads that are imposed on it. building may be regarded as simply an envelope which encloses and subdivides space in order to create a protected environment. The surfaces which form the envelope, that is the walls, the floors and the roof of the building, are subjected to various types of loads Floors are subjected to the gravitational loads of the occupants and their effects External surfaces are exposed to the climatic loads
- 7. STRUCTURESYSTEM STRUCTURE in building is a device of channeling loads that results from presence and use of building to the ground. SYSTEM is group of parts or objects, often consisting of principal part & a number of secondary parts working together according to a purpose Structural Systems, LSAD 7
- 8. Structural Systems, LSAD 8 Structural Requirements • EQUILIBRIUM • GEOMETRICALLY STABLE • STRENGTH • ADEQUATE RIGIDITY
- 9. Structural Systems, LSAD 9 Why we need the Structural Systems? 1.To Serve the Architectural Concept Walt Disney Concert Hall Frank O Gehry & Partners
- 10. Structural Systems, LSAD 10 Why we need the Structural Systems? 2.To Carry Long Spans Golden Gate Bridge, USA American Society of Civil Engineers
- 11. Structural Systems, LSAD 11 Why we need the Structural Systems? 3.Different Types of Buildings Crystal Palace Joseph Paxton
- 12. Structural Systems, LSAD 12 Why we need the Structural Systems? 3.Different Types of Buildings Millennium Dome Richard Rogers
- 13. Structural Systems, LSAD 13 Why we need the Structural Systems? 4.Tall Structures Burj Khalifa, Dubai Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM)
- 14. Section/ Bulk Active Structural Systems Section active structural systems are systems of rigid, solid, linear elements, in which redirection of forces is effected by mobilization of sectional forces. They transmit building loads to the ground mainly through bending moments. Example of structures: 1. Beam structures 2. Frame structures 3. Slab structures Structural Systems, LSAD 14
- 15. Example of Bulk active Structural System Unité d'Habitation, Briey-en-Forêt, France, 1956 Structural Systems, LSAD 15
- 16. Vector active structural systems Vector active structural systems are systems of short, solid, straight linear members, in which the redirection of forces is effected by vector partition, i.e. by multidirectional splitting of single force simply to tension or compressive elements. The individual members of these structures are subject only to coactive stress condition compression and tension Example of structures: 1. Flat trusses 2. Curved trusses 3. Space trusses Structural Systems, LSAD 16
- 17. Example of Vector active structural systems Aviva Stadium, Dublin, Ireland, 2010 Structural Systems, LSAD 17
- 18. Form ActiveStructuralSystems Form Active Structural Systems are systems of flexible, non-rigid matter, in which the redirection of forces is effected by particular form design and characteristic form stabilization. These structural systems are exposed to single stress condition (compression or tension). Example of structures: 1. Cable structures 2. Tent structures 3. Pneumatic structures 4. Arch structures Structural Systems, LSAD 18
- 19. ExampleOfFormActiveStructuralSystems Millennium Dome, London, UK, 1999 Structural Systems, LSAD 19
- 20. SurfaceActiveStructuralSystems Surface Active Structural Systems are systems of flexible or rigid planes able to resist tension, compression or shear, in which the redirection of forces is effected by mobilization of sectional Forces. They are in surface stress condition (bending moment or compression) Example of structures: 1. Plate structures 2. Folded structures 3. Shell structures Structural Systems, LSAD 20
- 21. SurfaceActiveStructuralSystems Sydney Opera House, Australia, 1973 Structural Systems, LSAD 21
- 22. Structural Systems, LSAD 22 Questions?