Lecture 10

БАТЛАВ.......... ТЭНХИМИЙН
ЭРХЛЭГЧ Л.БАТБИЛЭГ
ОГНОО.................

ÒÝÌÄÝÃÒ ÌºÐ
ÒºÐºË
Á¿ÒÝÖ ÒºÐºË
Лекц 10

ÕÈ÷ÝÝËÈÉÍ ÀÃÓÓËÃÀ
Òýìäýãò ìºð òºðºë
 Òýìäýãò ìºðò óòãà îëãîõ, çàëãàõ ôóíêö
 Òýìäýãò ìºð æèøèõ
Á¿òýö òºðºë
 Á¿òýö òºðºë òîäîðõîéëîõ
 Á¿òýö òºðëèéí õóâüñàã÷ àøèãëàõ
 Á¿òýö òºðëèéí ìàññèâ
3

ÒÝÌÄÝÃÒ ÌºÐ
4
 Òýìäýãò ìºð íü ASCII ñèñòåìýýð êîäëîãäñîí
òýìäýãò¿¿äèéí äàðààëàë þì.
 Òýìäýãò¿¿ä íü :
¿ñýã : ABC. . .XYZ, abc. . . xyz
öèôð : 0123456789
òóñãàé òýìäýãò : + - * / | $ #
. . .
 Òýìäýãò ìºð òºðëèéí õóâüñàã÷èéã Ñè õýëýíä char
ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãýýð , ìàññèâ õýëáýðýýð çàðëàíà.
char a[15];

ÀÍÕÍÛ ÓÒÃÀ ÎËÃÎÕ
5
 Òýìäýãò ìºðò äàðààõ õýëáýð¿¿äýýð àíõíû óòãà îëãîæ
çàðëàäàã.
char a[8]=”HELLO”;
char Name[25]=”Batbold”;
char grades[5]={‘A’,’B’,’C’,’D’,’0’};
 Òýìäýãò ìºðèéã ãàðààñ óíøèõäàà & òýìäýãòèéã scanf-
ä àøèãëàäàãã¿é.
scanf(“%d”,a);
 Ó÷èð òýìäýãò ìºð íü ìàññèâ ó÷ðààñ òýìäýãò ìºðèéí
íýð íü ººðºº õàÿã áàéäàã. Èéìýýñ õàÿã àâàõ ¿éëäýë
øààðäëàãàã¿é.

ÈËÝÐÕÈÉËÝËÄ ÀØÈÃËÀÕ
Òýìäýãò ìºð òºðëèéí õóâüñàã÷äûã øóóä èëýðõèéëýëä
îðîëöóóëàõ áîëîìæ áàéäàãã¿é.
ªºðººð õýëáýë òýìäýãò ìºð òºðºë íü îëîí ýëåìåíòýýñ
á¿ðäýõ íèéëìýë òºðºë ó÷èð íýã ýëåìåíò íü ë
èëýðõèéëýëä îðîëöîõîîñ áèø á¿õëýýðýý èëýðõèéëýëä
îðîëöäîãã¿é.
Èéìä ¿éëäë¿¿ä íü áîëîìæã¿é ¿éëäë¿¿ä þì.
char a[15];
a=”Hello !!!”; a=a+” World”;
Èéìä ýäãýýð ¿éëäë¿¿äèéã ôóíêöýýð ã¿éöýòãýäýã.
6

ÒÝÌÄÝÃÒ ÌºÐÄ ÓÒÃÀ ÎËÃÎÕ
STRCPY() ÔÓÍÊÖ
Áè÷èãäýõ õýëáýð : char *strcpy(char *s1, const char *s2);
/ s2 òýìäýãò ìºðèéí óòãûã s1 òýìäýãò ìºðò îëãîõ /
#include<stdio.h>
char str[]=”ÏÕ-ûí 1”,str1[]=”ÏÕ-ûí 2”;
main()
{ strcpy(str,str1); /* str=str1 */
printf(“ Òýìäýãò ìºð = %s n”,str);
}
¯ð ä¿í : Òýìäýãò ìºð = ÏÕ-ûí 2
7

ÒÝÌÄÝÃÒ ÌºÐ¿¿ÄÈÉÃ ÇÀËÃÀÕ STRCAT
ÔÓÍÊÖ
Áè÷èãäýõ õýëáýð : char *strcat(char *s1, const char *s2);
#include <string.h>
char str[100],str1[100];
main()
{ printf(“ str= ”); scanf(“%s”,&str); /* ÏÕ-ûí */
strcat(str,“2a”); /* s1=s1+s2 */
printf(“%sn”,str);
}
¯ð ä¿í : ÏÕ-ûí 2à
8

ÒÝÌÄÝÃÒ ÌºÐ ÕÀÐÜÖÓÓËÀÕ STRCMP()
ÔÓÍÊÖ
Áè÷èõ íü : int strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
Õýðýâ áóöààõ óòãà íü : ==0 áîë s1==s2 ( Òýíö¿¿ )
>0 áîë s1>s2 ( s1 íü èõ )
<0 áîë s1<s2 ( s2 íü èõ )
. . .
i=strcmp(“aac”,“aab”);
if(i==0) printf(“Òýìäýãò ìºð¿¿ä èæèë”);
else if(i>=0) printf(“ ’aac’ íü èõ áàéíà. ”);
printf(“ ’aab’ íü èõ áàéíà. ”);
. . .
9

ÒÝÌÄÝÃÒ ÌºÐÈÉÍ ÓÐÒÛÃ
ÒÎÄÎÐÕÎÉËÎÕ
STRLEN ÔÓÍÊÖ
Áè÷èãäýõ õýëáýð : int strlen(char *s);
Òýìäýãò ìºðèéí óðòûã òîîöîõäîî òºãñãºëèéí “0” òýìäýãòèéã ¿ë
òîîöíî.
#include<string.h>
char str[]=”ÏÕ-ûí 1”; int count;
main()
{ count=strlen(str);
printf(“ Òýìäýãò ìºðèéí óðò = %d”, count);
}
¯ð ä¿í : Òýìäýãò ìºðèéí óðò = 7
10

Á¯ÒÝÖ ÒªÐªË
Á¿òýö òºðºë íü óòãûí õóâüä õîîðîíäîî óÿëäàà
õîëáîîòîé îëîí òºðëèéí õóâüñàã÷äûí
îëîíëîãîîñ òîãòîõ íèéëìýë òºðºë þì.
Á¿òýö ãýæ íýðëýãäýõ ºãºãäëèéí õýëáýð íü ÿíç
á¿ðèéí òºðºëòýé ºãºãäë¿¿äèéã õàìòàòãàí
òîäîðõîéëæ, øèíý òºðëèéã ¿¿ñãýõýä
õýðýãëýãäýíý.
11

Á¿ÒÝÖ ÒºÐºË
Á¿òýö òºðëèéã òîäîðõîéëîõ õýëáýð íü :
struct [<Á¿òöèéí íýð>] {
[<òºðºë1> <õóâüñàã÷èéí íýð1>]
. . . . .
[<òºðºë n> <õóâüñàã÷èéí íýðn>]
};
12

Á¿ÒÝÖ ÒºÐºË ÒÎÄÎÐÕÎÉËÎÕ
Îþóòíû ìýäýýëëèéã õàäãàëàõ á¿òýö ¿¿ñãýõ æèøýý àâ÷
¿çüå.
struct student {
char name[20];
int age;
float GPA;
};
Á¿òöýä àãóóëàãäàõ õóâüñàã÷äûã á¿òöèéí ãèø¿¿í ãýíý.
13

Á¿ÒÝÖ ÒºÐËÈÉÍ ÕÓÂÜÑÀÃ÷
ÇÀÐËÀÕ
Á¿òýö òºðëèéí õóâüñàã÷ çàðëàõ õýëáýð :
struct <á¿òöèéí íýð> <õóâüñàã÷èéí íýð>;
Æèøýý :
struct student sum;
14
Á¿òýö òºðëèéí
õóâüñàã÷èéí íýð
Á¿òýö òºðëèéí
íýð

Á¿ÒÝÖ ÒºÐËÈÉÍ ÕÓÂÜÑÀÃ÷
ÇÀÐËÀÕ
Çàðëàëò 2
struct student { char name[15];
int age;
}sum;
Çàðëàëò 3
struct { char name[15];
int age;
}sum;
15

ÀÍÕÍÛ ÓÒÃÀ ÎËÃÎÕ
Á¿òýö òºðëèéí õóâüñàã÷èä äàðààõ õýëáýðýýð
àíõíû óòãûã îëãîíî.
struct student {
char name[20];
int age;
} sum = { "Bold", 20 };
16

Á¿ÒÖÈÉÍ ÃÈØ¿¿Í ÝËÅÌÅÍÒÝÄ
ÕÀÍÄÀÕ
Á¿òýö äîòîðõè ýëåìåíòýä õàíäàõûí òóëä .
òýìäãèéã õýðýãëýíý.
sum . age = 18;
sum . Gpa = 3.0;
printf(“ Name : %s ”,sum . name );
printf(“ Name : %d ”,sum . age );
printf(“ Name : %f ”, sum . gpa);
17

Á¿ÒÝÖ ÒºÐºËÒÝÉ ÌÀÑÑÈÂ
18
 Á¿òýö òºðºëòýé ìàññèâûã çàðëàõ õýëáýð :
struct <Á¿òýö òºðºë> <Ìàññèâûí íýð>[õýìæýý] ;
struct student {
char name[20];
int grade;
};
struct student sw102[100];
Á¿òýö òºðëºº
òîäîðõîéëîõ
Ìàññèâàà çàðëàõ

Á¿ÒÝÖ ÒºÐºËÒÝÉ ÌÀÑÑÈÂÛÍ
ÝËÅÌÅÍÒÝÄ ÕÀÍÄÀÕ
19
sw102[0].name sw102[0].grade
. . . . . .

ÆÈØÝÝ
#include<stdio.h>
struct student {
char name[20];
int age;
float GPA;
};
struct student Who; /* Õóâüñàã÷ çàðëàõ */
int i,j;
20

ÆÈØÝÝ
main()
{ printf(“ Îþóòíû íýð : “); scanf(“%s”,Who.name);
printf(“ Îþóòíû íàñ : “); scanf(“%d”,&Who.age);
printf(“ Îþóòíû ä¿í : “); scanf(“%f”,&Who.GPA);
printf(“ Îþóòíû íýð : %s n”,Who.name);
printf(“ Îþóòíû íàñ : %d n”,Who.age);
printf(“ Îþóòíû ä¿í : %f n”,Who.GPA);
}
21

Lecture 10

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Lecture 10