Lecture -1[1](1)
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This document contains lecture material on the basics of effective communication. It defines communication as the interchange of thoughts or opinions through shared symbols such as language. It then discusses the communication process, which involves a sender encoding a message and transmitting it through a channel to a receiver who decodes it. The document outlines several key aspects of communication including defining the message, choosing the appropriate channel, receiving and interpreting the message, and providing feedback. It emphasizes keeping messages simple and straightforward. The document concludes with sample questions to test the reader's understanding of communication concepts.
Lecture -1[1](1)
- 1. Study Material English for Communication Dr. Prajna Pani SchoolofEngineering Centurion UNIVERSITY
- 2. 1 LECTURE1 / MODULE 1: IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION n this lecture, we will study the basics of effective business communication. HIGHLIGHTS Definition Goals and process of communication Factors 1.1. DEFINITION Communication is defined as the interchange of thoughts or opinions through shared symbols; e.g. language, words, phrases. Communication skills are some of the most important skills that you need to succeed in the workplace. We talk to people face to face, and we listen when people talk to us. We write emails and reports, and we read the documents that are sent to us. Communication, therefore, is a process that involves at least two people - a sender and a receiver. For it to be successful, the receiver must understand the message in the way that the sender intended. This sounds quite simple. But have you ever been in a situation where this hasn't happened? Misunderstanding and confusion often occur, and they can cause enormous problems. If you want to be an expert communicator, you need to be effective at all points in the communication process - and you must be comfortable with the different channels of communication. When you communicate well, you can be very successful. On the other hand, poor communicators struggle to develop their careers beyond a certain point. 1.2. PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION: Whenever you communicate effectively with someone else, you and the other person follow the steps of the communication process shown below. LECTURE 1 BASICS OF COMMUNICATION
- 3. 2 Image Source:bing.com Here, the person who is the source of the communication encodes it into a message, and transmits it through a channel. The receiver decodes the message, and, in one way or another, feeds back understanding or a lack of understanding to the source. By understanding the steps in the process, you can become more aware of your role in it, recognize what you need to do to communicate effectively, anticipate problems before they happen, and improve your overall ability to communicate effectively. THE SOURCE - PLANNING YOUR MESSAGE Before you start communicating, take a moment to figure out what you want to say, and why. Don't waste your time conveying information that isn't necessary - and don't waste the listener or reader's time either. Too often, people just keep talking or keep writing - because they think that by saying more, they'll surely cover all the points. Often, however, all they do is confuse the people they're talking to. To plan your communication: Understand your objective. Why are you communicating? Understand your audience. With whom are you communicating? What do they need to know? Plan what you want to say, and how you'll send the message. Seek feedback on how well your message was received. When you do this, you'll be able to craft a message that will be received positively by your audience. Good communicators use the KISS ("Keep It Simple and Straightforward") principle. They know that less is often more, and that good communication should be efficient as well as effective. Keep It Simple Avoiding Confusion and Complexity In a complex world, simplicity is important. With so many things competing for people's attention, the more basic you can make something, the better. Simplicity is why slogans can be so important. When you hear "Just do it," you think of the Nike brand and all the things that go along with it - Michael Jordan, air, running, high quality, high performance, innovation, and so on. The power of those three little words can be incredible. When you see several brochures, which one are you more likely to pick up - the brochure with lots of words written in tiny print, or the brochure with a striking background and only a few key words? The more simple the message, the more impact it can have - and the more likely it will be to attract someone's attention.
- 4. 3 CHOOSING THE RIGHT CHANNEL Along with encoding the message, you need to choose the best communication channel to use to send it. You want to be efficient, and yet make the most of your communication opportunity. Using email to send simple directions is practical. However, if you want to delegate a complex task, an email will probably just lead to more questions, so it may be best to arrange a time to speak in person. And if your communication has any negative emotional content, stay well away from email! Make sure that you communicate face to face or by phone, so that you can judge the impact of your words and adjust these appropriately. When you determine the best way to send a message, consider the following: The sensitivity and emotional content of the subject. How easy it is to communicate detail. The receiver's preferences. Time constraints. The need to ask and answer questions DECODING - RECEIVING AND INTERPRETING A MESSAGE It can be easy to focus on speaking; we want to get our points out there, because we usually have lots to say. However, to be a great communicator, you also need to step back, let the other person talk, and just listen. This doesn't mean that you should be passive. Listening is hard work, which is why effective listening is called active listening. To listen actively, give your undivided attention to the speaker: Look at the person. Pay attention to his or her body language. Avoid distractions. Nod and smile to acknowledge points. Occasionally think back about what the person has said. Allow the person to speak, without thinking about what you'll say next. Don't interrupt. MEDIUM OF COMMUNICATION In Person: One-to-One In Person: Meetings, Small Groups In Person: Presentations, Large Groups Letter Memo Note Email Voice mail
- 5. 4 FEEDBACK You need feedback, because without it, you can't be sure that people have understood your message. Sometimes feedback is verbal, and sometimes it's not. We've looked at the importance of asking questions and listening carefully. However, feedback through body language is perhaps the most important source of clues to the effectiveness of your communication. By watching the facial expressions, gestures, and posture of the person you're communicating with, you can spot: Confidence levels. Defensiveness. Agreement. Comprehension (or lack of understanding). Level of interest. Level of engagement with the message. Truthfulness (or lying/dishonesty). As a speaker, understanding your listener's body language can give you an opportunity to adjust your message and make it more understandable, appealing, or interesting. As a listener, body language can show you more about what the other person is saying. You can then ask questions to ensure that you have, indeed, understood each other. In both situations, you can better avoid miscommunication if it happens. Feedback can also be formal. If you're communicating something really important, it can often be worth asking questions of the person you're talking to to make sure that they've understood fully. And if you're receiving this sort of communication, repeat it in your own words to check your understanding. NOW ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: OBJECTIVE a. Supply the missing word/words in the following questions. 1. Communication among human beings takes place mostly through______ . 2. The sender converts ideas into words of a language. This process is referred to as ____________. b. In each of the sentences below which of the factors of communication (sender, receiver, code, etc.) is being focused upon? 3. I enjoyed reading your e-mail. It was so funny. 4. Sorry, I can’t hear you. Could you speak a little louder?
- 6. 5 c. In each of the sentences below, which of the ‘factors’ of communication (sender, receiver, code, channel, topic, message, feedback etc) is being focused upon. 5. Lokapal Bill is burning issue in present Indian politics. 6. You said you have two “sister-in-laws”. You should have said “sisters-in-law”. 7. Sorry, I can’t hear you. There is some problem with the phone tone. 8. Your e-mail was so funny! 9. Inflation is expected to rise next month. 10.You’ve told us why our company is losing money. May be you should also tell us how we can prevent this loss. SUBJECTIVE 1. Define Communication. Explain the process of communication with diagram. 2. What do you think can be the major objectives of Communication? 3. Communication is context. Explain. 4. Explain the following factors of Communication with examples. Sender Receiver Channel Topic Context Feedback 5. Why feedback is more important in effective communication? What can you guess about the context in which the following conversation takes place? Rahim – It’s your fault entirely that we missed the train. Srikant - NO, it isn’t. You should have told me you were on platform 3. I thought the train would come on platform1. Rahim – So how are we supposed to reach Kolkata now? Walk? Srikant – There’s another train at 10.00 p.m. Rahim - That’s four hours from now. What should we do in the meantime? Srikant – Let’s go and watch a movie. That’s better than hanging around here. REFERENCE: Business Communication, Urmila Rai & S.M Rai, Himalaya Publishing House, Ninth Revised Edition. An Introduction to Professional English and Soft Skills by B.K Das et al., Cambridge University Press, Ninth Revised Edition.