Lecture 12; ulrich zwingli
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The document summarizes the Protestant Reformation led by Ulrich Zwingli in Switzerland from the early 1500s. It describes Zwingli's background and education. It outlines his early reforms in Zurich through disputations where he argued for rejecting Catholic doctrines like purgatory and affirming the Bible as the sole religious authority. The document also discusses Zwingli's views on baptism, the Lord's Supper being symbolic, and the relationship between church and state. It notes Zwingli's death in 1531 and the continued leadership of the Reformation by figures like Heinrich Bullinger, Johann Oecolampadius, and Martin Bucer in other Swiss cities.
Lecture 12; ulrich zwingli
- 1. History of Christianity-II COACH Institute of Intercultural Studies Hyderabad
- 2. The Protestant Reformation 1300 – 1570 CE
- 3. Ulrich Zwingli and the supremacy of the Bible
- 4. Ulrich Zwingli & The Swiss Reformation
- 5. Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) • Born in Switzerland; son & grandson of civil magistrates; Uncle Bartholomew, parish priest • Latin scholar; educated in Basel, Bern, Vienna • Came under influence of Erasmus & humanism
- 6. Zurich & Early Reform • Zurich: key city of Switzerland & important religious center • Pastorate: preaching, mass, visiting sick • Preached through books of Bible instead of prescribed Scriptures
- 7. First Disputation – Jan. 1523 • Debate between Zwingli and Vicar General of Bishopric of Constance • Zwingli presented 67 Articles for church life • City Council supported Zwingli’s Reformation: – Affirmation of Scripture as basis of authority – Condemned corruption of Roman Catholic Church – Denounced: purgatory; papal office; priestly garments; priesthood; clerical celibacy; traditional mass (Lord’s Supper should be memorial) • Zwingli’s Reformation depended on Council
- 8. Second Disputation – Oct. 1523 • Topics: Use of images; the mass; purgatory – Quick agreement to reject use of images – Purgatory was never discussed
- 9. Prophecy Meetings & Swiss Brethren • 1519, Zwingli began attracting students: – Conrad Grebel – Felix Manz – George Blaurock • At Prophecy Meetings, studied NT in Greek • Study led to rejection of infant baptism & support of believer’s baptism • When this reform was rejected by Council, Zwingli backed down
- 10. Zwingli on Church-State • State-church in Zurich: Reformation depended upon support from Council • Christian Civic Union: allied with other Swiss cantons to spread Reformation
- 11. Zwingli on Lord’s Supper • Easter 1525, Zwingli observed “evangelical” Lord’s Supper – Advocated symbolic view of Lord’s Supper – Taught that bread & cup were signs or symbols to be observed in remembrance & thanksgiving for Christ’s sacrifice – Holy Spirit uses these signs/symbols to testify that participants are joined in true & spiritual way to resurrected & ascended Christ; but Christ was not actually present in elements of Supper
- 12. Zwingli as Reformed Spokesman • 1529, Marburg Colloquy: met with Luther for alliance against Catholics; no agreement on Lord’s Supper (Zwingli – memorial; Luther – real presence) 1530, Augsburg Diet: Swiss Churches presented their own articles
- 13. Zwingli’s Contribution to Reformed Churches • Zwingli set out goal & early model • Creation of disciplined people of God governed by biblical principles required extensive reform of doctrine, worship, church government & entire society
- 14. Zwingli’s Contribution to Reformed Churches • Biblical lessons became focus of worship • Worship attendance was mandatory • Music & organs, images removed from churches • Tight control on moral behavior; curfew • Religious uniformity strictly enforced; deviation considered treasonous; Anabaptist targeted especially
- 15. Zwingli’s Writings (1525) • On Baptism, Anabaptism and Infant Baptism • Commentary on True and False Religion – Lord’s Supper is symbolic remembrance • On Human and Divine Justice – Union of Church & State
- 16. Zwingli’s Death • Second Kappel War (1531) – Catholics attacked Zurich • Catholics won; routed Zurich army • Zwingli died • Catholics strengthened hold on 5 Catholic cantons, which remain Catholic to this day
- 17. Heinrich Bullinger (1504-75) • Successor & spokesman for Zwinglian viewpoint after 1531 • Influenced refugee Protestant leaders who relocated in Zurich • Drafted Helvetic (Swiss) Confession, basic doctrinal standard for Reformed churches in Europe (1536, 1566)
- 18. Heinrich Bullinger (1504-75) • Negotiated with John Calvin for accord uniting German-speaking & French-speaking Reformed churches (Consensus Tigurinus, 1549) • Wrote historical & theological works defending Reformation & Protestantism (i.e. The Decades)
- 19. Johann Oecolampadius (1482-1531) • Led Reform in Basel • Humanist, Hebrew scholar, commentator on Scripture • Elaborated concept of “covenant” community as model for Reformed city • Advocated use of elders to help pastors in providing spiritual oversight
- 20. Berchtold Haller (1492-1536) • By 1528, led Reform in Bern, political & military center of Protestant reform among Swiss & capital of Swiss Confederation • Supported French- speaking Reformed church development in Geneva, Neuchatel & Lausanne
- 21. Martin Bucer (1491-1551) • Strasbourg: located outside of Swiss Confederation; refugee center until 1548; leading intellectual center for Reformed churches • Reform led by Bucer: Humanist scholar, Bible commentator & theologian, implementer of Reformed models
- 22. Martin Bucer (1491-1551) • Pursued middle way or moderate approach to accommodate Lutheran & Schmalkaldic League positions with Swiss Reformed positions • Effort to recruit English church leaders into united Protestant church effort • Thomas Cranmer invited Bucer to England to assist in English Reformation