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Randomized Algorithms
CS648

Lecture 16
Randomized Incremental Construction
(Backward analysis)
1
PROBLEM 1
FIND-MIN PROBLEM

2
Find-Min algorithm
A
1

2

…

??

3
A
1

2

…

4
5
A
1

2

…

6
Fact: A is permuted randomly uniformly

7
A
1

2

…

8
PROBLEM 2
CLOSEST PAIR OF POINTS

9
Closest Pair of Points

10
11
O(1)
O(1)

O(1)

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
RANDOMIZED INCREMENTAL
CONSTRUCTION

19
Randomized Incremental Construction

20
Randomized Incremental Construction
• Convex Hull of a set of points
• Trapezoidal decomposition of a set of segments.
• Convex polytope of a set of half-planes
• Smallest sphere enclosing a set of points.
• Linear programming in finite dimensions.

21
PROBLEM 3
CONVEX HULL OF POINTS

22
Convex hull of Points

23
Convex hull of Points

24
Randomized algorithm for convex hull

25
A simple exercise from geometry
Exercise: Given a line L and two points p and q, determine whether the
points lie on the same/different sides of L.
L

p

q

q

26
Conflict graph : a powerful data structure
cones

27
Before entering the for loop

28
Before entering the for loop
cones

29
30
31
cones

32
cones

33
cones

34
cones

35
cones

36
cones

37
cones

38
cones

39
cones

40
41
42
43
44
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Running time of the algorithm

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Lecture 16