Lecture 3 - Narrative Analysis
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This document discusses different aspects of narrative analysis, including common narrative structures, characters, and functions. It describes linear, parallel, anti-narrative, and interactive narrative structures. It also discusses common narrative characters like the hero, villain, donor, dispatcher, helper, and princess based on Propp's model. Additionally, it touches on narrative elements like modes of address, systematic oppositions, ideology, and how narrative analysis can investigate stereotyping.
Lecture 3 - Narrative Analysis
- 1. Narrative Analysis From Raynor, Wall and Kruger (2004, pp.42-52) and Branston and Stafford (2006, 41-64)
- 2. Narrative (interpret the world and shape it into a comprehensible form Photographs (frozen moment) Music videos (often tell a story, often a love story) A news report (may focus on effects of one family or one individual)
- 4. Influence Audiences Media producers can tell a story in a particular way: By staging the information audiences are encouraged to take a particular side/viewpoint Staging can occur in films, documentaries, news items etc (e.g Chicago Tribune (n.d.)
- 6. Four Possible Ways to Structure a Narrative Linear uses a chronological sequence as above Parallel structuring has two scenes happening at once Anti-narrative deliberately disrupts the flow for a particular effect; it may repeat images or interrupt the chronological sequence Interactive – found in computer games (some books) where multiple variations are possible
- 7. Applications of the Structure News stories Television documentaries Current affairs radio programmes Sitcoms Films
- 8. Who is the Villain? http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/af/frnts/ofdef.rxml
- 9. Narrative Characters and Functions Which character? (from photobucket.com)
- 11. Propp’s Main Characters hero villain, donor (offers gift with magical properties) dispatcher (sends hero on mission), helper (aids hero) princess (hero’s reward) princess’s father (who rewards the hero) dispatcher (who sends the hero on his way) false hero
- 12. Other Elements of Narrative Modes of address (Branston and Stafford, pp. 49) refers to the way a media text talks to the audience Mode of address can influence the audience’s response (e.g. off-screen narrator) Systematic oppositions (Levi-Strauss) narratives could be organized according to a series of oppositions e.g. Americans, Christians/pagans, domestic/savage, weak/strong, technologically advanced/primitive
- 13. Ideology: The type of characters that play various roles (heros, villains, victims etc.) ‘may reproduce common cultural assumptions about such individuals’ Hartley (2002, p.155); ‘Narrative’s use of shared cultural assumptions lead to the suggestion that all narratives are ideological’ Hartley (2002, p.155). Stereotyping Narrative analysis allows investigation of stereotyping (e.g. are people of the same race, gender assigned the same roles in narratives?