Lecture 7 adj ed or -ing passive
- 1. EL102 Lecture 7 1. Adjective ending –ing and -ed 2. Passive 3. Adverbs with past simple passive 4. Exercises
- 2. BORED-BORING Adjectives ending with –ed and -ing
- 3. Use these adjectives to describe feelings and the characteristics of a person or thing. • The adjectives ending with –ed. Are used to describe your feelings or how to do you feel about something or someone. I am tired of working so much. • The adjectives ending with -ing. Are used to describe someone qualities or the characteristics of something. The book is boring, so I didn’t read it. My boss is scaring, every time we have a meeting he fires someone. Adjectives ending with –ed and -ing
- 4. Adjectives ending with – ed. The spelling rules for these adjectives are the same as the verb in the past participle. • If it ends with “ e “ , add “ d “ : scare – scared • If it ends with “ y “ preceded by a consonant, the “y” is changed to “ I “ and then we add “ ed “ : gratify – gratified • The rest if the adjectives that don’t follow this rules just add –ed : relax-relaxed Adjectives ending with –ed and -ing
- 5. Examples: The painter was inspired by the nature. You can see it in his painting. I am annoyed with you, because you didn’t help me. Danny was bored during the movie. You didn’t sound convinced, when he told you about the proposal. Adjectives ending with –ed and -ing
- 6. Adjectives ending with –ed and - ing • Adjectives ending with -ing. The spelling rules for these adjectives are the same as the present participle of verbs: • If the it ends with “e” , eliminate the “e” and add “ing” surprise-surprising • For the rest just add –ing tempt – tempting
- 7. Examples: My new zumba class is so tiring. Today’s news were shocking, I can’t believe it. Frida Kahlo was a fascinating woman. A competition was always encouraging for the kids. My boss is so charming, he always has something good to say. Adjectives ending with –ed and -ing
- 8. practice • 1. The people I work with are ____ with their jobs. – A. satisfying B. satisfied • 2. John was ____ by the news report. – A. disgusting B. disgusted • 3. We thought that the instructions were ___ . – A. confused B. confusing • 4. It's an ___ little story. You should read it. – A. amusing B. amused • 5. Working late every day is ___ . – A. tiring B. tired
- 9. • 6. I'm not really ___ in sport. – A. interesting B. interested • 7. Do you feel ___ about them? – A. worrying B. worried • 8. All this information is making me ___. – A. confused B. confusing • 9. I had a ___ weekend because of the rain. – A. bored B. boring • 10. Young children are often ___ of the dark. – A. scaring B. scared
- 10. Answers • 1. The people I work with are satisfied with their jobs. • 2. John was disgusted by the news report. • 3. We thought that the instructions were confusing. • 4. It's an amusing little story. You should read it. • 5. Working late every day is tiring. • 6. I'm not really interested in sport. • 7. Do you feel worried about them? • 8. All this information is making me confused. • 9. I had a boring weekend because of the rain. • 10. Young children are often scared of the dark.
- 12. Tense Active Passive Present simple She cleans the house The house is cleaned Present continuous She is cleaning the house The house is being cleaned Past simple She cleaned the house The house was cleaned Future simple She will clean the house The house will be cleaned Present perfect simple She has cleaned the house The house has been cleaned
- 13. Changing from Active into Passive (Subject) (Verb ) (Object) They made cars in factory. Cars were made by them in factory (Subject) (Verb ) (by + agent)
- 14. Use • We use the passive when we want to show that the action of the verb is more important than the person who carries out the action. The bank robber was caught yesterday. (The action is more important than the person who caught the bank robber.) a) The object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive sentence. b) The active verb changes into a passive form. c) The subject of the active sentence becomes the agent.
- 15. Forming Simple Present Passive Affirmative Form Object + am / is / are + verb3 (past participle) Question Form Am / Is / Are + Object + verb3 (past participle) ? For example: Active : The gardener waters the flowers every evening. Passive: The flowers are watered by the gardener every evening. Active : My mother doesn't paint the walls. Passive: The walls aren't painted by my mother.
- 16. Present Progressive Passive Affirmative Form Object + am / is / are + being + verb3 Question Form Am / is / are + Object + being + verb3 ? For example: Active : The postman is delivering the mail. Passive: The mail is being delivered by the postman. Active : The coach is congratulating the team at the moment. Passive: The team is being congratulated by the coach.
- 17. Turn the following active constructions into passive: 1. They are building a new town hall in our town. 2. Does your mum pick you up? 3. They wear blue shoes. 4. They are mending my piano at the moment. 5. What books are people reading this year? 6. He doesn't open the book. 7. Mrs Brown is making the beds. A new town hall is being built in our town Are you picked up by your mum? Blue shoes are worn by them My piano is being mended at the moment What books are being read this year? The book is not opened by him. The beds are being made by Mrs Brown
- 18. Past simple passive • We use the passive when we want to show that action of the verb is more important than the person who carries out the action. EX: The thief was arrested by police yesterday. The cakes weren’t baked by the famous chef.
- 20. Form (Be + past participle) • To form the passive, we use the appropriate tense of the verb to be+ the past participle of the main verb. • We use the passive when the action is more important than the agent (the person or thing doing the action) • EX: The window was broken. (We are more interested in the action than the person who did it.)
- 21. Form Affirmative Interrogative Subject + form of to be +past participle Form of to be +subject +past participle The book was taken to the classroom Was the letter sent by him? Negative Subject +form of be + not + past participle Their beds weren’t made by them
- 22. Questions with question words in passive • Form: Question words +was/were +subject +past participle • Where was book taken? • The book was taken to the classroom. • Why were the students taught at home? • The students were taught at home because the school was closed.
- 23. Past simple Past simple passive They painted the door. The door was painted by them The teacher gave me these books. These books were given by the teacher. My grandfather built this house. This house was built by my grandfather. They canceled the flight. The flight was canceled by them
- 24. Change the following sentences to passive voice. 1. People used this bridge. 2. They built a new bank in our city last year. 3. The Vikings threw James into the water. 4. Shakespeare wrote poems as well as plays. This bridge was used by people. A new bank was built by them in our city last year. James was threw the Vikings into the water. Poems as well as plays were written by Shakespeare.
- 25. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice. 1. She sang a song. 2. We stopped the bus. 3. A thief stole my car. 4. They didn't let him go 5. She didn't win the prize. 6. They didn't make their beds. 7. Did he send the letter? A song was sung by her. The bus was stopped by us. My car was stolen by a thief. He wasn’t let go by them The prize wasn’t won by her. Their beds weren’t made. The letter wasn’t sent.
- 26. Put in the correct form of the verb in Passive into the gaps. Use Simple Past 1. The meal………………………………….(cook) 2. The trees ………………………………….(plant) 3. The words………………………………....(substitute) 4. The question …………………………..….(answer) 5. The correct answers ……………………....(tick) 6. The door…………………………………(lock) 7. The children …………………………….(pick up) 8. The house ………………………………..(burn down) 9. He ………………………………………..(rob) was cooked were planted were substituted was answered were ticked was locked were picked up was burnt down was robbed
- 27. Adverbs with past simple passive • These adverbs are used in news reports and they show the extension or degree of verbs. • Form : Subject + was/were + adverb +past participle The car was badly damaged after the accident. The passengers weren’t seriously injured. The airport was completely closed. The electricity was temporarily cut. The town was partially destroyed.
- 28. Rewrite the sentences using the simple past passive and given adverbs. 1. The fire damaged the building. (partially) 2. The storm disrupted train services.(temporarily) 3. Flash floods damaged several houses in the area. (badly) 4. A wildfire injured three firefighters. (seriously) 5. A tornado destroyed a small farm. (completely)
- 29. Answer 1. The building was partially damaged by the fire. 2. Train service was temporarily disrupted by the storm. 3. Several houses in the area were badly damaged by flash floods. 4. Three firefighters were seriously injured by a wildfire. 5. A small farm was completely destroyed by a tornado.
- 30. Put these sentences into the passive (present or past) a) People export Spanish tortilla to the US. b) Farmers grow soy in Argentina. c) You don’t find penguins at the North Pole. d) Columbus didn’t discover America in 1491. e) Did Spain win the last basketball Olympics? f) How do people make sushi? g) The child broke all the plates in the cupboard. Spanish tortilla is exported by them to the US Soy is grown by farmers in Argentina Pinguins aren't found at the north pole America wasn't discovered by Columbus in 1491 Were the last basketball Olympics won by Spain? How is sushi made by people? All the plates in the cupboard were broken by the child
- 31. Simple Future Passive Affirmative Form Object + will + be + verb3 (past participle) Question Form Will + object + be + verb3 (past participle) Active : The manager will sign the contract tomorrow. Passive: The contract will be signed by the manager tomorrow. Active : Will the boss give me a job? Passive: Will I be given a job by the boss? Affirmative Form Object + am / is / are + going to + be + verb3(past participle) Question Form Am / is / are + object + going to + be + verb3 (past participle) Active : The police are going to investigate the case. Passive: The case is going to be investigated by the police.
- 32. Passive voice - Simple Future 1. People will show the visitors the new buildings 2. The teacher will correct the student’s homework 3. Mrs Brown will look after the cat 4. She will bake a cake for my birthday The new buildings will be shown to the visitors The student’s homework will be corrected The cat will be looked after by Mrs Brown A cake will be baked for my birthday
- 33. Forming Present Perfect Passive Affirmative Form Object + have / has + been + verb3 (past participle) Question Form Have / has + object + been + verb3 (past participle) Active : Thomas has written many books. Passive: Many books have been written by Thomas. Active : Have the police caught the man? Passive: Has the man been caught by the police? Active : They have cleaned the clinic. Passive: The clinic has been cleaned by them.
- 34. Write passive sentences in Present Perfect. 1. the postcard / send ……………………………………………… 2. the pencils / count ………………………………………………. 3. the door / close ………………………………………………. 4. the beds / make ……………………………………………….. 5. the mail / write ……………………………………………….. 6. the trees / plant ……………………………………………….. 7. the money / spend ……………………………………………….. 8. the rent / pay / not ………………………………………………… 9. the people / inform / not ……………………………………………. The postcard has been sent The pencils have been counted The door has been closed The beds have been made The mail has been written The trees have been planted The money has been spent. The rent has not been paid The people have not been informed
- 35. Complete the sentences in passive voice with the verbs in brackets. 1. Letters…………………………. by the postman at 8 every day. (deliver) 2. This bag ……………………………….. in the bus yesterday. (find) 3. The dress ………………………………in hot water. ( wash) 4. …………… your motorbike………………………………yet? (repair) 5. The message……………………………….tomorrow. (send) 6. These offices …………………………..now. (clean) 7. This building ………………………... since the 1930's. (not reconstruct) 8. The last umbrellas………………………….…in the morning. (sell) 9. The plan…………………………………... in two days. (announce) 10. All the halls ……………………………………. at the moment. (paint) are delivered was found is washed Has been repaired will be sent are being cleaned has not been reconstructed were sold will be announced are being painted
- 36. Rewrite the sentences in active voice. 1. Poems are written by the boy . 2. The blue car was driven by the girl. 3. Enough money has been collected. 4. A new restaurant will be opened. 5. Pictures is drawn by the little boy. 6. The prisoner was watched by the guard. 7. Soccer will not be played.
- 37. Answer 1. The boy writes poems. 2. The girl drove the blue car. 3. They have collected enough money. 4. They will open a new restaurant. 5. The little boy draws pictures. 6. The guard watched the prisoner. 7. They will not play soccer.