Lecture of ecology systems in ecology department
- 1. Renewable Energy Tidal, Geo, and biomass Energies Mohammed Qasim Taha االنبار جامعة التطبيقية العلوم كلية – هيت البيئة قسم - الرابعة المرحلة
- 2. PH 0101 Unit-5 Lecture -1 2 Other types of Non-conventional Renewable energies 1. Tidal energy 2. Geothermal 3. Biomass energy 4. Biofuels 5. Wave Power
- 3. PH 0101 Unit-5 Lecture -1 3 Tidal energy is the energy due to the water waves created in the ocean. The tidal energy is also called hydropower. Tidal energy • It is a hydropower due to raise and fall of water wave in ocean. The raise and fall of water wave is due to the gravitational forces of the moon and sun as well as the revolution of the earth • The raising and falling waves are used to rotate the turbines and hence the electricity is produced.
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- 5. PH 0101 Unit-5 Lecture -1 5 Turbine rotation due to Tidal
- 6. PH 0101 Unit-5 Lecture -1 6 Biomass energy Biomass energy (or) bioenergy, is the energy stored in non- fossil organic materials such as wood, straw, vegetable oils and wastes from the forest, agricultural and industrial sectors.
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- 8. PH 0101 Unit-5 Lecture -1 8 Jatropha • Biodiesel from Jatropha • Seeds of the Jatropha nut is crushed and oil is extracted • The oil is processed and refined to form bio-diesel.
- 9. PH 0101 Unit-5 Lecture -1 9 The word geothermal comes from the Greek words geo (earth) and thermal (heat). So, geothermal energy is heat from within the earth. We can use the steam and hot water produced inside the earth to heat buildings or generate electricity. Geothermal energy
- 10. PH 0101 Unit-5 Lecture -1 10 The earth can be compared with egg. The outer layer of the earth is called crest and the center layer is called Mantle and inner layer is called Core (Iron).
- 11. PH 0101 Unit-5 Lecture -1 11 • For every 100 meters you go below ground, the temperature of the rock increases about 3 degrees Celsius. • Quiz: How much depth in the ground where the temperature would be enough to boil water? • in some depth the temperature reaches more than 148°C. • Below the crust of the earth, the top layer of the mantle is a hot liquid rock called magma. • The crust of the earth floats on this liquid magma mantle.
- 12. PH 0101 Unit-5 Lecture -1 12 • This is hotter than boiling water (100°C). It doesn’t turn into steam because it is not in contact with the air. • When this hot water comes up through a crack in the earth, we call it a hot spring and it is used to rotate the turbines and the electricity is produced.
- 13. PH 0101 Unit-5 Lecture -1 13 • The most active geothermal resources are usually found along major tectonic plate boundaries where earthquakes and volcanoes are concentrated. • Most of the geothermal activity in the world occurs in an area called the Ring of Fire.
- 14. BIOFUEL 14 1. Plants use photosynthesis to grow and produce biomass. Also known as biomatter, biomass can be used directly as fuel or to produce liquid biofuel. 2. Agriculturally produced biomass fuels, such as biodiesel, ethanol and bagasse (often a by-product of sugar cane cultivation) can be burned in internal combustion engines or boilers. 3. Typically biofuel is burned to release its stored chemical energy. Research into more efficient methods of converting biofuels and other fuels into electricity utilizing fuel cells is an area of very active work.
- 15. LIQUID BIOFUEL • Liquid biofuel is usually either a bio alcohol such as ethanol fuel or a bio-oil such as biodiesel and straight vegetable oil. • Biodiesel can be used in modern diesel vehicles with little or no modification to the engine and can be made from waste and virgin vegetable and animal oil and fats (lipids). 15
- 16. Virgin vegetable oils can be used in modified diesel engines. In fact the Diesel engine was originally designed to run on vegetable oil rather than fossil fuel. A major benefit of biodiesel is lower emissions. The use of biodiesel reduces emission of carbon monoxide and other hydrocarbons by 20 to 40%. 16 LIQUID BIOFUEL