19c European political and intellectual history
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The document discusses various ideological movements and philosophies of the 19th century, including romanticism, economic liberalism, positivism, and socialism, highlighting key figures such as Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Marx. It examines the evolution of nationalism, conservativism, and abolitionism against the backdrop of revolutions and social change. The text also addresses the complexities of liberal and conservative nationalisms, as well as the emergence of anarchism and Christian socialism.
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19c European political and intellectual history
- 1. 19th Century Thought Politics, Social Theory and Science
- 2. Enlightenment Legacies • Romantic Movement – Emotionalism, Primitivism – Literature, Art, Politics • Economic Liberalism – Adam Smith – John Ricardo's Iron Law of Wages – Thomas Malthus and Population • Positivism
- 3. Positivism and Science • Auguste Comte • Emile Durkheim • Chemistry and Medicine • Darwin & Evolutionary Thought – "Social Darwinism" and other alternative evolutionary theories
- 4. Liberalism • Utilitarianism – The Greatest Good for the Greatest Number – Jeremy Bentham: Corn Laws, Workhouses – John Mill • John Stuart Mill – On Liberty, 1859 – The Subjection of Women, 1869 • Democratization – Suffrage and Women’s Suffrage
- 5. Echoes of Revolution • Conservativism • Nationalism • Socialisms
- 6. Conservativism • Edmund Burke – Gradualism and Incrementalism – Family, Property – Monarchy, Religion
- 7. Nationalism • Reactive, definition in the face of diversity • Unity: Place, Language, Religion, Culture, History, Destiny • Nationalist Unification Movements: – Germany, Italy • Nationalist Liberation Movements: – Greece, Serbia • Romantic Nationalism: – Herder and Grimm Brothers
- 8. Socialisms • Utopian Socialists – Charles Fourier, Robert Owen • Social Organization – Saint-Simon – Chartists and Labor Unions • Marx and Communism – Hegelian Idealism --> Historical Materialism – Proletariat v. Bourgeoisie
- 9. Abolitionism • Religious Anti-slavery: Quakers • Enlightenment writers ambivalent • US Revolution and Constitution: debated • French Revolution: Haitian independence • Oluadah Equiano and growing British movement • 1808 British ban on Atlantic trade • 1833 UK Slavery Abolition Act • US Civil War
- 10. Radicals and Combinations • Anarchism – Romantic Optimism – Leftist Criticism – Violence • Christian Socialists • Liberal and Conservative Nationalisms – Anti-Semitism and Zionism