Lecture1.ppt
- 1. HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION INTRODUCTION Instructor: Engr. Tasawer Khan
- 2. BOOKS Text Books: Human Computer Interaction, Alan Dix; Janet E Finlay; Gregory D.Abowd; Russell Beale, 3rd edition, Pearson Education, 2003. Interaction Design beyond Human Computer Interaction, Preece, J.; Rogers, Y.; & Sharp, H.; Wiley, 4th Edition 2017. • Other References Usability and Web Design - Jakob Nielsen – http://www.useit.com/
- 3. 10/23/2022 Introduction 3 LECTURE CONTENTS Introduction to HCI/ Interaction Design Usability and other Terminology Why HCI HCI tools HCI map
- 4. GRADING CRITERIA- MOSTLY EXAMS BUT EXAMS USE SKILLS LEARNT IN QUIZZES AND ASSIGNMENTS • Mid 25% • Quizzes 13% • Assignments 12% • Final 50% • *sessional weightages may change
- 5. HOW MANY COMPUTERS DO YOU USE DAILY?
- 6. WHICH ONES DO YOU ENJOY USING AND WHICH ONES YOU DON’T?
- 7. WHAT IS A GOOD DESIGN?
- 8. HOW CAN WE MAKE DESIGNS BETTER?
- 9. HOW CAN WE MAKE DESIGNS BETTER? • Taking into account what people are good and bad at. • Considering what might help people with the way they currently do things. • Thinking through what might provide quality user experiences. • Listening to what people want and getting them involved in the design. • Using tried and tested user-based techniques during the design process.
- 11. 10/23/2022 Introduction 11 USER INTERFACE – HALL OF SHAME
- 12. 10/23/2022 Introduction 12 USER INTERFACE – HALL OF SHAME Presents a number of templates Prints custom award certificates Good points about the Interface? Graphical – Mouse Driven No complicated commands to remember User gets a preview of the certificate
- 13. 10/23/2022 Introduction 13 USER INTERFACE – HALL OF SHAME Why isn’t it usable? Long help message for a simple ‘selection’ task Moving the scroll bar changes the template How many templates? How are they sorted? How much to move the bar to select the next template? Frequent users: How to find a template already used How would you redesign?
- 14. 10/23/2022 Introduction 14 THE INTERFACE REDESIGNED
- 15. 10/23/2022 Introduction 15 THE ERROR DIALOG We see it all the time What’s good about the design of this error box? The user knows there is an error What’s poor about the design of this error box? Not enough information The user does not know how to resolve the error (instructions or contact info)
- 16. MORE UI HALL OF SHAME
- 17. UI HALL OF SHAME OR FAME ???
- 18. THE UI IS IMPORTANT ! • User interface strongly affects perception of software. Usable software sells better. Unusable web sites are often abandoned. • Perception is sometimes superficial. Users blames themselves for UI failings.
- 19. A SURVEY ON BUYING DECISIONS • A Harris poll • (reported in the Wall Street Journal 11/8/05) found that ease of use (61%), customer service (58%), and nohassle installation (57%) are the most important factors US adults consider when purchasing a new technology product.
- 20. THE COST OF GETTING IT WRONG! • User’s time isn’t getting cheaper. • Design for it correctly now or pay for it later. • Disasters happen !!! Therac 25 radiation therapy machine. Supertanker accident off England Predator UAV accident in arizona
- 21. UIS ARE HARD TO DESIGN • You are not the user Most software engineering is about communicating with other programmers. UI is about communicating with users. • The user is always right. Consistent problems are the system’s fault. • But the users are not always right either They are not the designers
- 22. WORDS WORDS WORDS • User Interface (UI) • Usability • User Experience (UX) • Design • Human Computer Interaction • Ergonomics
- 23. UI •Part of application that allows users – to interact with computer – to carry out their task
- 24. USABILITY • How well users can use the functionality of the system/application. • Dimensions….. Learnability Efficiency Visibility Errors Satisfaction
- 25. UX
- 26. McCarthy and Wright propose four core threads that make up our holistic experiences: sensual, emotional, compositional, and spatiotemporal: The sensual thread. This is concerned with our sensory engagement with a situation and is similar to the visceral level of Norman's model. It can be equated with the level of absorption people have with various technological devices and applications, most notable being computer games, smartphones, and chat rooms, where users can be highly absorbed in their interactions at a sensory level. These can involve thrill, fear, pain, and comfort. The emotional thread. Common examples of emotions that spring to mind are sorrow, anger, joy, and happiness. In addition, the framework points out how emotions are intertwined with the situation in which they arise – e.g. a person becomes angry with a computer because it does not work properly. Emotions also involve making judgments of value. For example, when purchasing a new cell phone, people may be drawn to the ones that are most cool-looking but be in an emotional turmoil because they are the most expensive. They can't really afford them but they really would like one of them.
- 27. The compositional thread. This is concerned with the narrative part of an experience, as it unfolds, and the way a person makes sense of it. For example, when shopping online, the options laid out to people can lead them in a coherent way to making a desiredpurchase or they can lead to frustrating experiences resulting in no purchase being made. When in this situation, people ask themselves questions such as: What is this about? Where am I? What has happened? What is going to happen next? What would happen if . . . ? The compositional thread is the internal thinking we do during our experiences. The spatio-temporal thread. This refers to the space and time in which our experiences take place and their effect upon those experiences. There are many ways of thinking about space and time and their relationship with one another: for example, we talk oftime speeding up, standing still, and slowing down, while we talk of space in terms of public and personal places, and needing one's own space.
- 28. 10/23/2022 Introduction 28 WHAT IS HCI Human–computer interaction (HCI) is the study of interaction between people (users) and computers. HCI is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use. Human and a computer system interact to perform a task? task - write document, calculate budget, solve equation, learn about Bosnia, drive home, make a reservation, land a plane...
- 29. 10/23/2022 Introduction 29 INTERFACES IN THE REAL WORLD Not just computers! VCR ATM Phone Copier Car Plane cockpit ……..
- 30. Good Interface Design 1 SAFELY EFFECTIVELY EFFICIENTLY ENJOYABLY Tasks can be completed without risk – e.g. flying an aeroplane. Being able to do the right task and do it well – e.g. videoing a TV programme To carry out tasks quickly and correctly – e.g. at a cashpoint Users should be able to enjoy what they are doing, not be frustrated by the interface – e.g. educational programs Users should be able to use an interface:
- 31. Good Interface Design 2 WHO WHAT ENVIRONMENT FEASIBILITY Who is going to use the system, what are their ages, etc.? What tasks are they likely to want to perform? Repetitive, complex, simple, etc. Where is the computer to be used? In a hazardous or noisy environment? What is technologically available? Designers should not add elements to the interface that cannot actually be used out easily. There are four considerations for an interface designer:
- 33. 10/23/2022 Introduction 33 WHY HCI IS IMPORTANT HCI is not just ‘how big should I make buttons’ or ‘how to layout menu choices’ It can affect: Effectiveness Productivity Morale Safety Example: A car with poor HCI
- 34. ACTIVITY
- 35. HCI Tools • Sound • 3D • Animation • Video • Devices – Size (small->very large) – Portable (PDA, phone) – Plasticity • Context sensitive/aware • Personalizable • Ubiquitous
- 36. HCI HOW? • How do we improve interfaces? 1. Educate software professionals 2. Draw upon fast accumulating body of knowledge regarding H-C interface design 3. Integrate UI design methods & techniques into standard software development methodologies now in place
- 37. UI DESIGN/DEVELOP PROCESS • Tasks of User-Centered Design • Analyze user’s goals & tasks • Create design alternatives • Evaluate options • Implement prototype • Test • Refine DESIGN USE & EVALUATE IMPLEMENT
- 38. Overview: Map of Human Computer Interaction Input and Output Devices Dialogue Techniques Dialogue Genre Application Areas Ergonomics Evaluation Techniques Design Approaches Implementation Techniques and Tools Example Systems and Case Studies Human Language, Communication and Interaction Human Information Processing Use and Context Human-Machine Fit and Adaptation Social Organization and Work Computer Computer Graphics Dialogue Architecture Development Process A a
- 39. Use and context of computers • Problems of fitting computers, their uses, and the context of use together • Social organization and work – humans are interacting social beings – considers models of human activity: • small groups, organizations, socio-technical systems • Application areas – characteristics of application domains, e.g. individual vs group work – popular styles • document production, communications, design, tutorials and help, multi-media information kiosks, continuous control (cockpits, process control), embedded systems (copiers, home appliances) • Human-machine fit and adaptation – improve the fit between the designed object and its use • how systems are selected and adopted; how users improvise routine systems; how systems adapt to the user (customization); how users adapt to the system (training, ease of learning); user guidance (help, documentation, error-handling)
- 40. Human characteristics • To understand the human as an information-processing system, how humans communicate, and people’s physical and psychological requirements • Human information processing – characteristics of the human as a processor of information • memory, perception, motor skills, attention, problem-solving, learning and skill acquisition, motivation, conceptual models, diversity... • Language, communication and interaction – aspects of language • syntax, semantics, pragmatics; conversational interaction, specialized languages • Ergonomics – anthropometric and physiological characteristics of people and their relationship to workspace and the environment • arrangement of displays and controls; cognitive and sensory limits; effects of display technology; fatigue and health; furniture and lighting; design for stressful and hazardous environments; design for the disabled...
- 41. Computer system and interface architecture • The specialized components computers have for interacting with people • Input and output devices – mechanics and characteristics of particular hardware devices, performance characteristics (human and system), esoteric devices, virtual devices • Dialogue techniques – the basic software architecture and techniques for interacting with humans • e.g. dialog inputs and outputs; interaction styles; issues • Computer graphics – basic concepts from computer graphics that are especially useful to HCI • Dialogue architecture – software architecture and standards for interfaces • e.g., screen imaging; window managers; interface toolkits; multi-user architectures, look and feel, standardization and interoperability
- 42. The Development Process • The construction and evaluation of human interfaces • Design approaches – the process of design • e.g. graphical design basics (typography, color, etc.); software engineering; task analysis; industrial design... • Implementation techniques and tools – tactics and tools for implementation, and the relationship between design, evaluation and implementation • e.g. prototyping techniques, dialog toolkits, object-oriented methods, data representation and algorithms • Evaluation techniques – philosophy and specific methods for evaluation • e.g. productivity, usability testing, formative and summative evaluation • Example systems and case studies – classic designs to serve as example of interface design genres
- 43. 10/23/2022 Introduction 43 REFERENCES Human Computer Interaction by Dix et al. User Interface Design and Implementation, Prof. Robert Miller - MIT User Interface Hall of Fame/Shame