Lecture2philosophy rpc-131206133146-phpapp02
- 1. PHILOSOPHY Prepared by Raizza Corpuz
- 2. INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY • MEANING • NATURE • SCOPE • GOALS • IMPORTANCE • BRANCHES • EPOCH
- 3. WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? WHERE IT BEGINS?
- 4. REMEMBER • In studying PHILOSOPHY one should KNOW the : 1.Contextualize/ation 2.Basis In this way one can distinguish both VALIDITY and TRUTH, GENUINE and ESSENTIAL ideals.
- 6. “Wasn’t it extraordinary to be in the world right now, wandering around in a wonderful adventure!” ― Jostein Gaarder, Sophie's World
- 7. Wonder • To be filled with curiosity or doubt • An event inexplicable by the laws of nature; a miracle. • A feeling of puzzlement or doubt. Source: Thesaurus Dictionary
- 8. Wander: Verb • Walk or move in a leisurely, casual, or aimless way. • An act or instance of wandering. verb. roam - ramble - rove - straynoun. wandering - stroll - saunter - ramble Source: Thesaurus Dictionary
- 10. • Philosophers’ definition-arises out of wonder, out of curiosity, out of desire to learn, and to understand things. • According to the Philosopher, Philosophy is a process of analysis, criticism, interpretation and speculation • Analysis-if we know how to synthesis and antithesis. • Synthesis- put idea together or event of the same characteristic. • Antithesis- remove from or put it out, removing ideas • Criticism- is a process of commenting or giving a judgment, even if its positive or negative. • Interpretation-demonstration of ideas. • Speculation-being satisfied.
- 11. Etymology- or etymological definition of Philosophy -derived for Greek words etimos and logos Etimos-root, origin, cause, basis, history Logos-study Etymology-study of the history of the word Philosophy comes from the Geek Words Philia and Sofia. Sofia-wisdom Philia-love, desire for, interest in Philia and Sofia join by Pythagoras-600 B.C. Episteme-means knowledge Wisdom-defining deeply, wise, according to etymology -is an awareness of something which is basic. -knowledge of the basic principle. Knowledge-is only a million formation -simple data that comes from the outside that pass to our senses. Etymology A. Meaning of Philosophy
- 12. What is Philosophy as aWhat is Philosophy as a TERM/WORD?TERM/WORD? The term “philosophy” comes from the Greek language. It consists of two words : • philos, (love, or philia )– friendship, affection • sophos (learned scholar, sage, or • sophia - wisdom, knowledge, talent)
- 13. ““philo” - lovephilo” - love ““sophia” - wisdomsophia” - wisdom THUS:THUS: 1.1. Philosophy is the love of wisdomPhilosophy is the love of wisdom 2.2. Philosophy attempts to answer life's BigPhilosophy attempts to answer life's Big QuestionsQuestions 3.3. Philosophy is about QuestionsPhilosophy is about Questions 4.4. Philosophers ask Questions about what peoplePhilosophers ask Questions about what people BelieveBelieve 5.5. Philosophy is about Examining Ourselves & OurPhilosophy is about Examining Ourselves & Our BeliefsBeliefs
- 14. THERE ARE MANY QUESTIONS but there are SOME BIG QUESTION WhatWhat?? WhyWhy?? HOWHOW
- 15. What are theWhat are the REASONSREASONS for afor a particular belief?particular belief?
- 16. Have you ever looked in the mirrorHave you ever looked in the mirror and asked:and asked: The UnexaminedThe Unexamined Life is not worthLife is not worth living.living.”” (Socrates)(Socrates) Who am I?Who am I? Why am I here?Why am I here? What should I do with myWhat should I do with my life?life?
- 17. Have you ever looked in the mirrorHave you ever looked in the mirror and asked:and asked: OR???
- 18. Examining Our BeliefsExamining Our Beliefs Behavior I talk to my friend Beliefs and Values I believe that my friend is real World-View I Exist. Other People Exist.
- 21. Branches of PhilosophyBranches of Philosophy Ethics PoliticsPolitics Religion Metaphysics Logic Epistemology Aesthetics Science Philosophy
- 23. Ethics Questions: How should we live? What is good and evil? What is the best way to live? What is Justice? Is right and wrong the same everywhere or different everywhere?
- 24. Ethics
- 25. Epistemology Knowledge Science Explores the nature and limitations of knowledge Definition of knowledge Investigates how knowledge is obtained Explores the relationship between belief, truth and knowledge
- 26. Epistemology Questions: What is knowledge? How is knowledge acquired? How do we know what we know?
- 29. Metaphysics Knowledge Science Explores the fundamental nature of reality and being Ontology Existence Objects Properties Space and Time Cause and Effect
- 30. Metaphysics Questions: What is real? What is reality? What is reality like?
- 31. Metaphysics
- 32. Politics Political Philosophy Explores the relationship between citizens and governments Liberty Legal Justice Property Ownership Citizen's Rights System of Law
- 33. PoliticsPolitics Questions:Questions: How should government beHow should government be organized?organized? What makes a governmentWhat makes a government legitimate?legitimate? Who decides who theWho decides who the leaders should be?leaders should be? What laws are good andWhat laws are good and necessary?necessary? How should law beHow should law be enforced?enforced?
- 34. Aesthetics Sensori-Emotional Values Explores the nature of beauty, art, and taste with the creation and appreciation of beauty
- 35. Aesthetics Questions What is beauty? What is art? What is the value of beauty and art? Who should judge what is beautiful or artistic? How should art and beauty be judged?
- 36. Aesthetics Discussion: On the left is Marcel Duchamp's ready-made “sculpture” called “Fountain”. It's a factory- made urinal on a stand. Is this “Art”? Why / Why not? Is it beautiful? Offensive? Why?
- 37. Logic Rules for Thinking The systematic principles (or rules) for thinking rationally. Inferences are made by construction of Arguments Rules of Logic determine which arguments are VALID and which are FALACIES
- 38. Logic
- 39. Religion Philosophy of Religion Branch of philosophy concerned with questions regarding religion Nature & Existence of God Theology Examination of Religious Experience Analysis of Religious language and texts Relationship between Religion and Science
- 40. Religion Questions Does God exist? What is God? What is the nature of the relationship between God and humans? Is God active in the world? How? Is there life after death? What is the relationship between Religion and Ethics? ...Religion and Science?
- 41. Religion Pantheism What is God? God is the Universe and the Universe is God. There is no distinction between God and the universe (nature). Some forms of Buddhism are examples of pantheism.
- 42. Religion Panentheism What is God? God is in the Universe and the Universe is in God God is more than the Universe. God and the Universe are connected but not identical.
- 43. Philosophy of Science Science Concerned with the assumptions, foundations, methods and implications of science. Empirical Verification Inductive Logic Objectivity of the Observer
- 44. Philosophy of Science Questions What is the natural world? How should we study nature? What methods are useful in the study of nature? Can science establish Natural Laws which are absolute (true everywhere and for everyone)? What are the limits of scientific knowledge?