Lecture-3.ppt
- 1. LECTURE-3 LEARNING LEVEL-1 Of Geographical & Climatic, Politico-religious, Socio-cultural Issues Influencing Architecture. STUDY AND ANALYSIS Capt Lala Rukh
- 2. How Do Geography & Weather Affects Our Built Surroundings. GEOGRAPHICAL & CLIMATIC
- 4. • Architecture is a habitable art. It is therefore dependent, for its success, on factors that define human comfort. Geography and climate being amongst the foremost. • It is a relationship between environment and living patterns of human beings. Typically, this is manifested through planning and design. • Geographical-climatic phenomenon in design is about how natural surroundings and topography affect architecture and urban setup of societies. A section showing placement of spaces according to contours, following the natural topography of the area. GEOGRAPHY & CLIMATE
- 5. • SITE PLANNING in landscape and architecture refers to the organizational stage of the design process. • It involves the organization of land use zoning, orientation, slopes, soils, hydrology and land drainage. • So the major concerns of planning are  Solar Radiation Air temperature  Topography  Humidity  Precipitation  Air movement  Vegetation & local factors GEOGRAPHY & CLIMATE
- 6. • SITE PLANNING in landscape and architecture refers to the organizational stage of the design process. • It involves the organization of land use zoning, orientation, slopes, soils, hydrology and land drainage. • So the major concerns of planning are  Solar Radiation Air temperature  Topography  Humidity  Precipitation  Air movement  Vegetation & local factors GEOGRAPHY & CLIMATE CLIMATIC FACTORS AFFECTING ARCHITECTURE
- 16. • The positioning of settlements can help to take advantage of local features. • Settlements have to be properly oriented regarding prevailing winds. • Winds are more frequent and relatively cooler at higher elevations. More wind at high altitude WIND
- 19. GEOGRAPHY & CLIMATE • The prevailing local climate has always influenced building methods or architecture in general. • It is therefore understandable that building types found around the world are very diverse. • Humans created protection from the climate by building shelters that were adapted to the climatic conditions they were in. The home, often very simple in its construction, storage areas for food and other life-sustaining goods, is often of higher priority to the community.
- 20. DESIGN FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSTRUCTION • Earthquakes, • Storms, • Floods, • High Solar Radiation, • High Humidity & Condensation, And • Salt Levels In Soil . STANDARDS THAT ANY BUILDING MUST REACH • Temperature and humidity within a closed space; • Phonic (acoustic) sealing of the interior space; • Fresh air required for breathing; • Natural and artificial illumination of spaces; • Possibility to maintain hygiene within the built space; • Aesthetic factor, meaning the harmony of shapes and colors.
- 21. How Do Politics And Religion Affects Our Built Surroundings POLITICO-RELIGION
- 22. • The main interest of the ruling government in state is to treat architecture as a visible sign of progress to gain global recognition from other nations: that is, a political need for the ruling regime to be more noticeable and to be more supreme. • Another purpose is to gain and claim social acknowledgement from the local masses. • In order to achieve this the authorities often build monumental structures. Ex World Trade Centre towers and the remaining Slurry wall POLITICO-RELIGION
- 23. THE GROUND ZERO RE-BUILDING EX WORLD TRADE CENTRE, NEWYORK-AMERICA • Grand restoration of the skyline and filling the void the destruction has caused. • A symbol of reborn political strength of the united states of America.
- 24. • Governments try to integrate or unify the population to follow one ruling body by making various programs such as the usage of icons in the form of buildings to promote the idea of nationalism. • Many buildings seem to portray images referencing ethnic, history, cultural or religious belief in order to potentially evoke the nationalistic sentiments among the masses. • Architecture is the best tool as it metaphorically communicates to the masses through scale, form and other elements. • A built structure on the other hand may separate too. The Pakistan monument being used as a nationalist symbol of unity POLITICO-RELIGION
- 25. THE BERLIN WALL BERLIN-GERMANY (1961-1989) • Once one of the most politically charged structures in the world. • A symbol of division between east and west Berlin. • Length more than 96.3 miles.
- 26. • Religions shape lives of human race. • It directly or indirectly governs each and every aspect of its followers. Architecture is no exemption. In all societies architecture concretizes religion. The structures they build and the spaces they shape support and reflect spiritual practices and religious beliefs. • Often because of the religious beliefs, the political structural framework is given shape. • Religion in a culture provides a system of common values that often serves to validate and legitimize the social order; this explains why the state and religion are so often knotted in complex cultures. POLITICO-RELIGION St. Basil's Cathedral, Moscow, Russia Meenakshi Temple, Madurai, India Budapest Jewish, Hungary
- 27. • The history of architecture is concerned more with religious buildings than with any other type, because in most past cultures the universal and exalted appeal of religion made the church or temple the most expressive, the most permanent, and the most influential building in any community. • Religions form the foundation of cultural identity and have decisively shaped world civilizations based on differing, but not exclusive, views of ultimate value. Example of Religious Structures: Christian architecture - (Churches) Jewish architecture - (Synagogue) Islamic architecture - (Masjid) Buddhist architecture - (Temples) Hindu architecture - (Mandir) POLITICO-RELIGION
- 28. • The mosque for example was of central importance to the life of a Muslim culture, the whole community would revolve around. • A place to worship, bathe, eat, sleep, debate, and be schooled at. POLITICO-RELIGION
- 29. Architecture Is The Visual Shape Of A Society. SOCIO-CULTURAL
- 30. • In a complex society social stratification divides people and families into distinct ranked groups on the basis of their wealth and status. • Moreover, complex societies can be further divided into groupings on the basis of culture, language, religion, occupation, or place of residence. • So the social aspect of architecture is to deal with the design of spaces in an urban cultural setup in which the activities of people are inter related and inseparable in a sustainable way. Social Stratification: • Refers to the ranking of individuals and groups in any given society • It is a basic component of social organization and is transmitted through generations. SOCIO-CULTURAL • Housing is a very important aspect of human existence. • Specifically income, occupation, education and the household size are considered and statistically tested to determine their influence on the architectural form of houses.
- 32. DISTINCT SOCIAL CLASSES AND RESULTING URBAN SETUP KARACHI - PAKISTAN • Divided in 3xdistinct social classes distinctively showing in architectural/urban design. 1. The slums 2. Middle income communities 3. High income setups.
- 33. THE KOWLOON WALLED CITY HONGKONG • Inhabited by lower class of the city. • Difficult living conditions in the city centre. • Tightly knit community. • Secluded by design and having a living culture of their own. • Demolished later.
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